महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-258, verse-28

तदा स वृद्धो भवति यदा भवति दुःखितः ।
तदा शून्यं जगत्तस्य यदा मात्रा वियुज्यते ॥२८॥

28. tadā sa vṛddho bhavati yadā bhavati duḥkhitaḥ ,
tadā śūnyaṁ jagattasya yadā mātrā viyujyate.

28. tadā saḥ vṛddhaḥ bhavati yadā bhavati duḥkhitaḥ
| tadā śūnyam jagat tasya yadā mātrā viyujyate

28. saḥ yadā duḥkhitaḥ bhavati tadā vṛddhaḥ bhavati
tasya jagat yadā mātrā viyujyate tadā śūnyam bhavati

28. A person becomes old when they become sorrowful. For them, the world becomes empty when they are separated from their mother.

Words meanings summery:

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged, grown

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• यदा (yadā) - when

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - sorrowful, distressed, unhappy

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• शून्यम् (śūnyam) - empty, void, nothingness

• जगत् (jagat) - world, universe

• तस्य (tasya) - his, for him

• यदा (yadā) - when

• मात्रा (mātrā) - by the mother, from the mother

• वियुज्यते (viyujyate) - is separated, becomes disjoined

Words meanings and morphology

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged, grown

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - sorrowful, distressed, unhappy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - sorrowful, distressed, unhappy, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'duḥkha' (sorrow) with the suffix '-ita' indicating state or possession.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

शून्यम् (śūnyam) - empty, void, nothingness

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, deserted, zero

जगत् (jagat) - world, universe

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, moving, living beings

Root: gam (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - his, for him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

मात्रा (mātrā) - by the mother, from the mother

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Used here in the sense of separation.

वियुज्यते (viyujyate) - is separated, becomes disjoined

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of yuj

Prefix: vi

Root: yuj (class 7)