योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-48, verse-48

उदगुर्भीषणा दिग्भ्यः परुषा वनराक्षसाः ।
पातालगजफूत्कारक्षुब्धा इव महार्णवाः ॥ ४८ ॥

udagurbhīṣaṇā digbhyaḥ paruṣā vanarākṣasāḥ ,
pātālagajaphūtkārakṣubdhā iva mahārṇavāḥ 48

48. udaguḥ bhīṣaṇāḥ digbhyaḥ paruṣāḥ vanarākṣasāḥ
pātālagajaphūtkārakṣubdhāḥ iva mahārṇavāḥ

48. bhīṣaṇāḥ paruṣāḥ vanarākṣasāḥ digbhyaḥ
pātālagajaphūtkārakṣubdhāḥ mahārṇavāḥ iva udaguḥ

48. Fearsome and cruel forest demons rose up from all directions, like mighty oceans agitated by the snorts of the elephants of the netherworld (Pātāla).

Words meanings summery:

• उदगुः (udaguḥ) - rose up, sprang forth, emerged

• भीषणाः (bhīṣaṇāḥ) - terrifying, dreadful, formidable

• दिग्भ्यः (digbhyaḥ) - from the directions/quarters

• परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh, cruel, rough, violent

• वनराक्षसाः (vanarākṣasāḥ) - forest demons

• पातालगजफूत्कारक्षुब्धाः (pātālagajaphūtkārakṣubdhāḥ) - agitated by the snorts of the elephants of Pātāla

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• महार्णवाः (mahārṇavāḥ) - great oceans, vast seas

Words meanings and morphology

उदगुः (udaguḥ) - rose up, sprang forth, emerged

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of udgam

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

From root `gam` (1st class) with prefix `ud`.

Prefix: ud

Root: gam (class 1)

भीषणाः (bhīṣaṇāḥ) - terrifying, dreadful, formidable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīṣaṇa

bhīṣaṇa - terrifying, dreadful, formidable

From root `bhī` (to fear) + `ṣaṇa` suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `vanarākṣasāḥ`.

दिग्भ्यः (digbhyaḥ) - from the directions/quarters

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Root: diś

Note: Can also be dative plural. Context indicates ablative 'from'.

परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh, cruel, rough, violent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, violent

Note: Agrees with `vanarākṣasāḥ`.

वनराक्षसाः (vanarākṣasāḥ) - forest demons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanarākṣasa

vanarākṣasa - forest demon, demon of the forest

Compound: `vana` (forest) + `rākṣasa` (demon).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vana+rākṣasa)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• rākṣasa – demon, evil spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the verb `udaguḥ`.

पातालगजफूत्कारक्षुब्धाः (pātālagajaphūtkārakṣubdhāḥ) - agitated by the snorts of the elephants of Pātāla

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pātālagajaphūtkārakṣubdha

pātālagajaphūtkārakṣubdha - agitated by the snorts of Pātāla's elephants

Past Passive Participle

Compound: `pātāla` (netherworld) + `gaja` (elephant) + `phūtkāra` (snort) + `kṣubdha` (agitated, PCP). `pātālasya gajaiḥ kṛtaḥ phūtkāraḥ tena kṣubdhāḥ`.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pātāla+gaja+phūtkāra+kṣubdha)

• pātāla – the netherworld, one of the seven infernal regions (Pātāla)
  noun (neuter)
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• phūtkāra – snort, hiss, blast
  noun (masculine)
  From `phūt` (onomatopoeic sound) + `kāra` (making).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• kṣubdha – agitated, disturbed, shaken
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `kṣubh` (to be agitated).
  Root: kṣubh (class 1)

Note: The Devanagari appears singular (`kṣubdhā`), but context requires plural (`kṣubdhāḥ`). Agrees with `mahārṇavāḥ`.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

महार्णवाः (mahārṇavāḥ) - great oceans, vast seas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahārṇava

mahārṇava - great ocean, vast sea

Compound: `mahā` (great) + `arṇava` (ocean).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+arṇava)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• arṇava – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)