योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-48, verse-20

यथा दीपस्य शान्तस्य न परिज्ञायते गतिः ।
तस्य सायकसङ्घस्य न विज्ञाता तथा गतिः ॥ २० ॥

yathā dīpasya śāntasya na parijñāyate gatiḥ ,
tasya sāyakasaṅghasya na vijñātā tathā gatiḥ 20

20. yathā dīpasya śāntasya na parijñāyate gatiḥ
tasya sāyaka-saṅghasya na vijñātā tathā gatiḥ

20. yathā śāntasya dīpasya gatiḥ na parijñāyate,
tathā tasya sāyaka-saṅghasya gatiḥ na vijñātā

20. Just as the course of an extinguished lamp is not known, so too, the trajectory of that multitude of arrows was not perceived.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

• दीपस्य (dīpasya) - of a lamp, of a light

• शान्तस्य (śāntasya) - of the extinguished (lamp) (of the extinguished, of the calm, of the tranquil)

• न (na) - not, no

• परिज्ञायते (parijñāyate) - is not known/perceived (is known, is perceived, is ascertained)

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - course, trajectory (movement, course, trajectory, destination, state)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that, for that

• सायक-सङ्घस्य (sāyaka-saṅghasya) - of the multitude of arrows, of the host of arrows

• न (na) - not, no

• विज्ञाता (vijñātā) - was not known/perceived (known, perceived, understood)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus, in that manner

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - course, trajectory (movement, course, trajectory, destination, state)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

दीपस्य (dīpasya) - of a lamp, of a light

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dīpa

dīpa - lamp, light, lantern

Derived from root √dīp (to shine)

Root: dīp (class 4)

शान्तस्य (śāntasya) - of the extinguished (lamp) (of the extinguished, of the calm, of the tranquil)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śānta

śānta - calm, peaceful, tranquil, extinguished, pacified

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śam (to be calm, to cease) with past passive participle suffix -ta.

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'dīpasya'

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

परिज्ञायते (parijñāyate) - is not known/perceived (is known, is perceived, is ascertained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of √jñā

Prefix: pari

Root: jñā (class 9)

गतिः (gatiḥ) - course, trajectory (movement, course, trajectory, destination, state)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - movement, course, going, path, state, condition, destination

verbal noun

Derived from root √gam (to go) with suffix -ti.

Root: gam (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - of that, for that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'multitude of arrows'

सायक-सङ्घस्य (sāyaka-saṅghasya) - of the multitude of arrows, of the host of arrows

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sāyaka-saṅgha

sāyaka-saṅgha - multitude/host of arrows

Compound type : tatpurusha (sāyaka+saṅgha)

• sāyaka – arrow, missile
  noun (masculine)
• saṅgha – multitude, host, collection, assembly
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √han (to strike, to kill) with prefix saṃ-.
  Prefix: saṃ
  Root: han (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विज्ञाता (vijñātā) - was not known/perceived (known, perceived, understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vijñāta

vijñāta - known, perceived, understood

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √jñā (to know) with prefix vi- and past passive participle suffix -ta.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'gatiḥ'

तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

गतिः (gatiḥ) - course, trajectory (movement, course, trajectory, destination, state)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - movement, course, going, path, state, condition, destination

verbal noun

Derived from root √gam (to go) with suffix -ti.

Root: gam (class 1)