वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-35, verse-48

तस्मिंस्तु पतिते बाले वज्रताडनविह्वले ।
चुक्रोधेन्द्राय पवनः प्रजानामशिवाय च ॥४८॥

48. tasmiṃstu patite bāle vajratāḍanavihvale ,
cukrodhendrāya pavanaḥ prajānāmaśivāya ca.

48. tasmin tu patite bāle vajra-tāḍana-vihvale
cukrodha indrāya pavanaḥ prajānām aśivāya ca

48. tu tasmin bāle patite vajra-tāḍana-vihvale
pavanaḥ indrāya ca prajānām aśivāya cukrodha

48. But when that child fell, bewildered by the impact of the thunderbolt, the wind god (pavana) became enraged with Indra and at the misfortune of beings (prajā).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that one (the child) (in that, upon that, to him)

• तु (tu) - indicating a shift or emphasis (but, indeed, however)

• पतिते (patite) - after he had fallen (fallen, having fallen)

• बाले (bāle) - when the child (Pramāsa, or the one being talked about) (in the child, upon the young one)

• वज्र-ताडन-विह्वले (vajra-tāḍana-vihvale) - overwhelmed or disoriented by the thunderbolt's impact (agitated/bewildered by the strike of the thunderbolt)

• चुक्रोध (cukrodha) - grew very angry (at someone) (became angry, was enraged)

• इन्द्राय (indrāya) - directed towards Indra, making Indra the object of anger (to Indra, for Indra, at Indra)

• पवनः (pavanaḥ) - the deity Vāyu, the personified wind (wind, purifier, the wind god)

• प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - concerning all living beings (of creatures, of beings, of progeny)

• अशिवाय (aśivāya) - to cause harm or bad fortune (for misfortune, for ill-luck, for ill-being)

• च (ca) - connecting the two objects of anger (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that one (the child) (in that, upon that, to him)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he/she/it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'patite' and 'bāle'

तु (tu) - indicating a shift or emphasis (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle

पतिते (patite) - after he had fallen (fallen, having fallen)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall) with 'kta' suffix

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction

बाले (bāle) - when the child (Pramāsa, or the one being talked about) (in the child, upon the young one)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, young, immature

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction

वज्र-ताडन-विह्वले (vajra-tāḍana-vihvale) - overwhelmed or disoriented by the thunderbolt's impact (agitated/bewildered by the strike of the thunderbolt)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vajra-tāḍana-vihvala

vajra-tāḍana-vihvala - bewildered by the thunderbolt's strike

Compound adjective (Instrumental Tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vajra+tāḍana+vihvala)

• vajra – thunderbolt
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• tāḍana – striking, hitting, impact
  noun (neuter)
  Nominalization of verb
  Derived from root 'tāḍ' (to strike) with 'lyuṭ' suffix
  Root: tāḍ (class 10)
• vihvala – bewildered, agitated, overcome
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hval (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction

चुक्रोध (cukrodha) - grew very angry (at someone) (became angry, was enraged)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kudh

Perfect (liṭ), 3rd person singular

Reduplicated root 'kudh' (krudh)

Root: kudh (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the sentence

इन्द्राय (indrāya) - directed towards Indra, making Indra the object of anger (to Indra, for Indra, at Indra)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (king of gods)

Note: The object of the verb 'cukrodha'

पवनः (pavanaḥ) - the deity Vāyu, the personified wind (wind, purifier, the wind god)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pavana

pavana - wind, air, purifier, Vāyu (wind god)

From root 'pū' (to purify, blow)

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'cukrodha'

प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - concerning all living beings (of creatures, of beings, of progeny)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - creatures, beings, progeny, people

From 'pra' + 'jan' (to be born)

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'aśivāya'

अशिवाय (aśivāya) - to cause harm or bad fortune (for misfortune, for ill-luck, for ill-being)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of aśiva

aśiva - inauspicious, unlucky, evil, misfortune

Negative compound ('na' + 'śiva')

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śiva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle/prefix
• śiva – auspicious, benevolent, prosperity
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes purpose or direction, hence 'at the misfortune'

च (ca) - connecting the two objects of anger (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction