वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-35, verse-41

उत्सृज्यार्कमिमं राम आधावन्तं प्लवंगमम् ।
दृष्ट्वा राहुः परावृत्य मुखशेषः पराङ्मुखः ॥४१॥

41. utsṛjyārkamimaṃ rāma ādhāvantaṃ plavaṃgamam ,
dṛṣṭvā rāhuḥ parāvṛtya mukhaśeṣaḥ parāṅmukhaḥ.

41. utsṛjya arkam imam rāma ādhāvantam plavaṅgamam
dṛṣṭvā rāhuḥ parāvṛtya mukhaśeṣaḥ parāṅmukhaḥ

41. rāma mukhaśeṣaḥ rāhuḥ ādhāvantam plavaṅgamam imam
arkam dṛṣṭvā arkam utsṛjya parāvṛtya parāṅmukhaḥ

41. O Rama, Rahu, who retains only his head, upon seeing this monkey (Hanuman) running towards the sun, released the sun, turned back, and averted his face.

Words meanings summery:

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having released (the sun) (having released, having abandoned)

• अर्कम् (arkam) - the sun (sun, ray, praise)

• इमम् (imam) - this (sun) (this, this one)

• राम (rāma) - O Rama (Rama, pleasing, dark)

• आधावन्तम् (ādhāvantam) - running towards (the sun) (running towards, approaching)

• प्लवङ्गमम् (plavaṅgamam) - the monkey (Hanuman) (monkey, one who goes by leaping)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• राहुः (rāhuḥ) - Rahu (the demon) (Rahu (a mythical planet/demon), seizure)

• परावृत्य (parāvṛtya) - having turned back (having turned back, having returned)

• मुखशेषः (mukhaśeṣaḥ) - having only his head (face) remaining (having only a face remaining, remnant of a face)

• पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - averted his face, facing away (facing away, averted face, turning one's back)

Words meanings and morphology

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having released (the sun) (having released, having abandoned)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From ut- + √sṛj (to release, create) + -ya suffix for absolutives (gerunds) in compound verbs.

Prefix: ut

Root: √sṛj (class 6)

अर्कम् (arkam) - the sun (sun, ray, praise)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arka

arka - sun, ray, praise, hymn

इमम् (imam) - this (sun) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Masculine accusative singular form of idam, agreeing with arkam.

राम (rāma) - O Rama (Rama, pleasing, dark)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper noun), pleasing, beautiful, dark

आधावन्तम् (ādhāvantam) - running towards (the sun) (running towards, approaching)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ādhāvat

ādhāvat - running towards, approaching

present active participle

From ā- + √dhāv (to run) + -at (present participle suffix).

Prefix: ā

Root: √dhāv (class 1)

Note: Agrees with plavaṅgamam.

प्लवङ्गमम् (plavaṅgamam) - the monkey (Hanuman) (monkey, one who goes by leaping)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey, ape, one who goes by leaping

Compound type : tatpurusha (plava+gama)

• plava – a leap, jump, swimming, a raft
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving, one who goes
  noun (masculine)
  From √gam (to go) + -a suffix.
  Root: √gam (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From √dṛś (to see) + -tvā suffix for absolutives.

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

Note: The subject of this absolutive is rāhuḥ.

राहुः (rāhuḥ) - Rahu (the demon) (Rahu (a mythical planet/demon), seizure)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāhu

rāhu - Rahu (a mythical demon who causes eclipses), seizure

Note: Subject of the sentence.

परावृत्य (parāvṛtya) - having turned back (having turned back, having returned)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From parā- + √vṛt (to turn) + -ya suffix for absolutives in compound verbs.

Prefix: parā

Root: √vṛt (class 1)

Note: The subject of this absolutive is rāhuḥ.

मुखशेषः (mukhaśeṣaḥ) - having only his head (face) remaining (having only a face remaining, remnant of a face)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukhaśeṣa

mukhaśeṣa - having only a face remaining, one whose face is the remainder

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mukha+śeṣa)

• mukha – face, mouth, main part, front
  noun (neuter)
• śeṣa – remainder, residue, end
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Adjective describing rāhuḥ.

पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - averted his face, facing away (facing away, averted face, turning one's back)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - facing away, having one's face turned away, averted face, reluctant

Compound type : bahuvrihi (parāñc+mukha)

• parāñc – turned away, averted, west
  adjective (masculine)
  From parā- + √añc (to bend, turn).
  Prefix: parā
  Root: √añc (class 1)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective describing rāhuḥ.