वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-56, verse-94

राजन् वनमिदं दुर्गं तव भग्नं दुरात्मना ।
वानरेण ह्यविज्ञाय तव वीर्यं महाबल ॥९४॥

94. rājan vanamidaṃ durgaṃ tava bhagnaṃ durātmanā ,
vānareṇa hyavijñāya tava vīryaṃ mahābala.

94. rājan vanam idam durgam tava bhagnam durātmanā
vānareṇa hi avijñāya tava vīryam mahābala

94. rājan he mahābala idam tava durgam vanam
durātmanā vānareṇa hi tava vīryam avijñāya bhagnam

94. O King, this impenetrable forest of yours has been destroyed by an evil-minded monkey, who indeed did not know your strength, O mighty-armed one.

Words meanings summery:

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

• इदम् (idam) - this

• दुर्गम् (durgam) - impenetrable, difficult to access

• तव (tava) - your, of yours

• भग्नम् (bhagnam) - broken, destroyed

• दुरात्मना (durātmanā) - by an evil-minded one

• वानरेण (vānareṇa) - by a monkey

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - not having known, without knowing

• तव (tava) - your, of yours

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - strength, valor, power

• महाबल (mahābala) - O mighty-armed one, O one of great strength

Words meanings and morphology

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressed to Rāvaṇa.

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Subject of the sentence.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Neuter nominative/accusative singular form of the demonstrative pronoun 'idam'

Note: Qualifies 'vanam'.

दुर्गम् (durgam) - impenetrable, difficult to access

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durga

durga - difficult to pass, inaccessible, fortified, a fort

Compound of dur- (bad, difficult) and ga (going).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+ga)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• ga – going, moving, existing in
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix
  From root gam (1P, 'to go').
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vanam'.

तव (tava) - your, of yours

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular form of the second person pronoun 'yuṣmad'

Note: Possessive, referring to Rāvaṇa.

भग्नम् (bhagnam) - broken, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root bhañj (7P, 'to break').

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Predicative participle with 'vanam'.

दुरात्मना (durātmanā) - by an evil-minded one

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious person

Compound of dur- (bad) and ātman (self, mind).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• ātman – self (ātman), soul, spirit, mind
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of 'bhagnam'.

वानरेण (vānareṇa) - by a monkey

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey

Note: Agent of 'bhagnam', specifying 'durātmanā'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - not having known, without knowing

(indeclinable)

Root for absolutive

Root jñā (9P, 'to know') with prefixes vi and a (negation), from which the absolutive is formed.

Prefixes: a+vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Absolutive.

तव (tava) - your, of yours

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular form of the second person pronoun 'yuṣmad'

Note: Possessive, refers to Rāvaṇa's strength.

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - strength, valor, power

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - strength, valor, heroism, power

Note: Object of 'avijñāya'.

महाबल (mahābala) - O mighty-armed one, O one of great strength

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, very powerful

Compound of mahā (great) and bala (strength). Used here in vocative.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, mighty
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjectival address for Rāvaṇa.

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