वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-56, verse-106

तं तु मन्दोदरी पुत्रं कुमारं रणपण्डितम् ।
सहसा खं समुत्क्रान्तं पादयोश्च गृहीतवान् ।
चर्मासिनं शतगुणं भ्रामयित्वा व्यपेषयम् ॥१०६॥

106. taṃ tu mandodarī putraṃ kumāraṃ raṇapaṇḍitam ,
sahasā khaṃ samutkrāntaṃ pādayośca gṛhītavān ,
carmāsinaṃ śataguṇaṃ bhrāmayitvā vyapeṣayam.

106. tam tu mandodarī putram kumāram
raṇapaṇḍitam sahasā kham samutkrāntam
pādayoḥ ca gṛhītavān carmāsinam
śataguṇam bhrāmayitvā vyapṣayam

106. tu (aham) sahasā kham samutkrāntam tam mandodarī putram kumāram raṇapaṇḍitam pādayoḥ ca gṛhītavān.
carmāsinam śataguṇam bhrāmayitvā (tam) vyapṣayam.

106. But that son of Mandodarī, the young prince skilled in battle, when he suddenly sprang into the sky, I seized him by his feet. Whirling him, who was bearing a shield, a hundred times, I then crushed him.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (son Akṣa) (him, that (masc. sg. acc.))

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, then)

• मन्दोदरी (mandodarī) - Mandodarī (Mandodarī (proper name))

• पुत्रम् (putram) - (Mandodarī's) son (son)

• कुमारम् (kumāram) - the young prince (young man, prince)

• रणपण्डितम् (raṇapaṇḍitam) - skilled in battle

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcefully, quickly)

• खम् (kham) - into the sky (sky, ether, space)

• समुत्क्रान्तम् (samutkrāntam) - when he sprang into (having sprung up, having leaped forth)

• पादयोः (pādayoḥ) - by his feet (of the feet, by the feet)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• गृहीतवान् (gṛhītavān) - I seized (past participle with active meaning) (he seized, he took)

• चर्मासिनम् (carmāsinam) - who was bearing a shield (one who bears a shield, shielded)

• शतगुणम् (śataguṇam) - a hundred times (a hundred times, hundred-fold)

• भ्रामयित्वा (bhrāmayitvā) - whirling him around (having whirled, having caused to spin)

• व्यप्षयम् (vyapṣayam) - I crushed him (I crushed, I destroyed)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (son Akṣa) (him, that (masc. sg. acc.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Akṣa, the object of 'gṛhītavān' and 'vyapṣayam'.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, then)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a shift or contrast in action.

मन्दोदरी (mandodarī) - Mandodarī (Mandodarī (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mandodarī

mandodarī - Mandodarī (Rāvaṇa's chief queen)

Note: In a compound 'Mandodarī-putram' (son of Mandodarī), here treated as a separate word preceding 'putram' and governing it.

पुत्रम् (putram) - (Mandodarī's) son (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Object of 'gṛhītavān'. The name Akṣa is implicitly understood as the son.

कुमारम् (kumāram) - the young prince (young man, prince)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kumāra

kumāra - boy, youth, prince, son

Note: Qualifies 'putram'.

रणपण्डितम् (raṇapaṇḍitam) - skilled in battle

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raṇapaṇḍita

raṇapaṇḍita - skilled in battle, battle-wise

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+paṇḍita)

• raṇa – battle, war
  noun (masculine)
• paṇḍita – learned, skilled, wise
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'putram'.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcefully, quickly)

(indeclinable)

From 'sahas' (force) with instrumental ending used as an adverb.

Note: Adverb modifying 'samutkrāntam'.

खम् (kham) - into the sky (sky, ether, space)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kha

kha - sky, space, ether, heaven

Note: Denotes direction/destination of movement.

समुत्क्रान्तम् (samutkrāntam) - when he sprang into (having sprung up, having leaped forth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samutkrānta

samutkrānta - sprung up, leaped forth, ascended

Past Passive Participle

From root kram- (to step, stride) with upasargas sam- and ud-.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Akṣa) describing his state or action.

पादयोः (pādayoḥ) - by his feet (of the feet, by the feet)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of pāda

pāda - foot, leg

Note: Often used in dual for 'feet'. Here, genitive indicating possession or point of grasp (object of "gṛhītavān").

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects "pādayoḥ" with the action.

गृहीतवान् (gṛhītavān) - I seized (past participle with active meaning) (he seized, he took)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛhītavat

gṛhītavat - one who has seized/taken

Past Active Participle

From root grah- (to seize) with suffix -tavat. Used here as a finite verb in past active sense.

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Implied subject is Hanumān ("I").

चर्मासिनम् (carmāsinam) - who was bearing a shield (one who bears a shield, shielded)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of carmāsin

carmāsin - one who bears a shield, shielded

Compound 'carman' (shield) + '-asin' (possessing suffix).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (carman+asin)

• carman – skin, hide, shield
  noun (neuter)
• asin – armed with, possessing (suffix)
  suffix (masculine)
  Possessive suffix

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Akṣa).

शतगुणम् (śataguṇam) - a hundred times (a hundred times, hundred-fold)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śataguṇa

śataguṇa - a hundred times, hundred-fold

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śata+guṇa)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• guṇa – fold, quality, multiplication
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative, specifying the extent of whirling.

भ्रामयित्वा (bhrāmayitvā) - whirling him around (having whirled, having caused to spin)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (causative)

From causative of root bhram- (to wander, revolve) with suffix -tvā.

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'vyapṣayam'.

व्यप्षयम् (vyapṣayam) - I crushed him (I crushed, I destroyed)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyapṣayam

imperfect

From root piṣ (to crush) with upasargas vi- and apa-. Imperfect, 1st person singular.

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: piṣ (class 7)

Note: Subject is Hanumān ("I").

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