वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-56, verse-78

कस्त्वं केन कथं चेह प्राप्तो वानरपुंगव ।
का च रामेण ते प्रीतिस्तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥७८॥

78. kastvaṃ kena kathaṃ ceha prāpto vānarapuṃgava ,
kā ca rāmeṇa te prītistanme śaṃsitumarhasi.

78. kaḥ tvam kena katham ca iha prāptaḥ vānarapuṃgava
kā ca rāmeṇa te prītiḥ tat me śaṃsitum arhasi

78. vānarapuṃgava tvam kaḥ kena katham ca iha prāptaḥ
ca rāmeṇa te kā prītiḥ tat me śaṃsitum arhasi

78. Who are you, O best among monkeys (vānarapungava)? By whom and how have you arrived here? And what is your affection (prīti) for Rāma? You ought to tell me that.

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• केन (kena) - by whom, by what

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• च (ca) - and, also

• इह (iha) - here (in Laṅkā) (here, in this world)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - arrived, obtained, reached

• वानरपुंगव (vānarapuṁgava) - Addressing Hanumān as the best among monkeys (O best of monkeys)

• का (kā) - what, which (feminine)

• च (ca) - and, also

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - with Rāma, by Rāma

• ते (te) - your, to you

• प्रीतिः (prītiḥ) - affection, love, joy

• तत् (tat) - that (the matter of your affection for Rāma) (that)

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• शंसितुम् (śaṁsitum) - to tell, to speak, to narrate

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you deserve

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Interrogative subject

केन (kena) - by whom, by what

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative instrument, 'by whom'

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here (in Laṅkā) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative adverb

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - arrived, obtained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - arrived, obtained, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

Formed from pra- + āp (to obtain) + kta

Prefixes: pra+ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'tvam' (you who have arrived)

वानरपुंगव (vānarapuṁgava) - Addressing Hanumān as the best among monkeys (O best of monkeys)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vānarapuṃgava

vānarapuṁgava - best among monkeys, excellent monkey

Compound type : tatpurusha (vānara+puṃgava)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• puṃgava – bull, chief, excellent one, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct address to Hanumān

का (kā) - what, which (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun, refers to 'prītiḥ'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - with Rāma, by Rāma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (the seventh avatar of Vishnu)

Note: Means 'with Rāma' or 'by Rāma', expressing association or relation

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Alternate form for 'tava'

प्रीतिः (prītiḥ) - affection, love, joy

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - affection, love, joy, pleasure, satisfaction

Derived from root prī (to please)

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Subject of the clause

तत् (tat) - that (the matter of your affection for Rāma) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Note: Object of 'śaṃsitum'

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Alternate form for 'mama', indicating 'to me'

शंसितुम् (śaṁsitum) - to tell, to speak, to narrate

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed by adding -tum to the root śaṃs

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Purpose infinitive, dependent on 'arhasi'

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Tense

Present active indicative, 2nd person singular of root arh (1st class)

Root: arh (class 1)

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