वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-56, verse-107

तमक्षमागतं भग्नं निशम्य स दशाननः ।
तत इन्द्रजितं नाम द्वितीयं रावणः सुतम् ।
व्यादिदेश सुसंक्रुद्धो बलिनं युद्धदुर्मदम् ॥१०७॥

107. tamakṣamāgataṃ bhagnaṃ niśamya sa daśānanaḥ ,
tata indrajitaṃ nāma dvitīyaṃ rāvaṇaḥ sutam ,
vyādideśa susaṃkruddho balinaṃ yuddhadurmadam.

107. tam akṣam āgatam bhagnam niśamya sa
daśānanaḥ tataḥ indrajitam nāma
dvitīyam rāvaṇaḥ sutam vyādideśa
susaṃkruddhaḥ balinam yuddhadurmadam

107. saḥ daśānanaḥ susaṃkruddhaḥ tam
akṣam āgatam bhagnam niśamya tataḥ
balinam yuddhadurmadam indrajitam
nāma dvitīyam sutam vyādideśa

107. Having learned that he (Akṣa) had been defeated and broken, the ten-faced Rāvaṇa, exceedingly enraged, then commanded his powerful, battle-intoxicated second son, named Indrajit.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Akṣa) (him, that)

• अक्षम् (akṣam) - Akṣa (Rāvaṇa's son, implied from context) (Akṣa (proper noun), eye, die (for gaming))

• आगतम् (āgatam) - having reached (a state of defeat) (come, arrived, obtained, reached, occurred)

• भग्नम् (bhagnam) - defeated (in battle) (broken, defeated, shattered, crushed)

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having learned (about the defeat) (having heard, having perceived, having learned)

• स (sa) - he (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

• दशाननः (daśānanaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the demon king (ten-faced, Rāvaṇa)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (sequentially) (then, thereupon, from there)

• इन्द्रजितम् (indrajitam) - Indrajit (Rāvaṇa's son) (Indrajit (proper noun))

• नाम (nāma) - named (Indrajit) (name, by name, indeed)

• द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second (son) (second)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the demon king (Rāvaṇa)

• सुतम् (sutam) - son (of Rāvaṇa) (son)

• व्यादिदेश (vyādideśa) - Rāvaṇa commanded (Indrajit) (he commanded, ordered, instructed)

• सुसंक्रुद्धः (susaṁkruddhaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, being very enraged (very enraged, exceedingly angry)

• बलिनम् (balinam) - powerful (Indrajit) (strong, powerful)

• युद्धदुर्मदम् (yuddhadurmadam) - (Indrajit) who was fierce in battle (fierce in battle, intoxicated with war)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Akṣa) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine accusative singular of 'tad' referring to a person.

अक्षम् (akṣam) - Akṣa (Rāvaṇa's son, implied from context) (Akṣa (proper noun), eye, die (for gaming))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of akṣa

akṣa - Akṣa (proper name); an eye; an axle; a die

Note: Refers to Akṣakumāra, one of Rāvaṇa's sons.

आगतम् (āgatam) - having reached (a state of defeat) (come, arrived, obtained, reached, occurred)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, attained, reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root gam (to go) with upasarga ā (to, hither)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam akṣam'.

भग्नम् (bhagnam) - defeated (in battle) (broken, defeated, shattered, crushed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhagna

bhagna - broken, defeated, shattered, disheartened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root bhañj (to break)

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'tam akṣam'.

निशम्य (niśamya) - having learned (about the defeat) (having heard, having perceived, having learned)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from verb root śam (to hear, perceive) with upasarga ni

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

स (sa) - he (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative singular of 'tad'.

दशाननः (daśānanaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the demon king (ten-faced, Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśānana

daśānana - ten-faced, Rāvaṇa

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daśa+ānana)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ānana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: A descriptive name for Rāvaṇa.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (sequentially) (then, thereupon, from there)

(indeclinable)

Ablative of tad used as an adverb.

Note: Adverb of sequence.

इन्द्रजितम् (indrajitam) - Indrajit (Rāvaṇa's son) (Indrajit (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of indrajit

indrajit - conqueror of Indra, Indrajit

Compound type : tatpurusha (indra+jit)

• indra – Indra (king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)
• jit – conquering, victorious
  adjective
  Derived from verb root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vyādideśa'.

नाम (nāma) - named (Indrajit) (name, by name, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Often used as an indeclinable particle meaning 'named' or 'by name'.

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second (son) (second)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second

Ordinal numeral.

Note: Qualifies 'sutam'.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the demon king (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper name), causing to cry out, roaring

Note: The subject of 'vyādideśa'.

सुतम् (sutam) - son (of Rāvaṇa) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born, produced

Past Passive Participle (from sū, to give birth)

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of 'vyādideśa'.

व्यादिदेश (vyādideśa) - Rāvaṇa commanded (Indrajit) (he commanded, ordered, instructed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vyādideśa

Perfect Active

From verb root diś (to point out, order) with upasargas vi and ā

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

सुसंक्रुद्धः (susaṁkruddhaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, being very enraged (very enraged, exceedingly angry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of susaṃkruddha

susaṁkruddha - very enraged, exceedingly angry

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh (to be angry) with upasargas sam and su (intensive prefix)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+saṃkruddha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Intensive prefix.
• saṃkruddha – enraged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root krudh with upasarga sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'Rāvaṇaḥ'.

बलिनम् (balinam) - powerful (Indrajit) (strong, powerful)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty

Derived from 'bala' (strength) with suffix -in.

Note: Qualifies 'indrajitam'.

युद्धदुर्मदम् (yuddhadurmadam) - (Indrajit) who was fierce in battle (fierce in battle, intoxicated with war)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yuddhadurmada

yuddhadurmada - fierce in battle, intoxicated with war

Compound type : tatpurusha (yuddha+durmada)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  From root yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• durmada – intoxicated, furious, arrogant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root mad (to be intoxicated/proud) with upasarga dur (bad, difficult).
  Prefix: dur
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'indrajitam'.

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