महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-60, verse-23

तस्य शाखो विशाखश्च नैगमेशश्च पृष्ठजः ।
कृत्तिकाभ्युपपत्तेश्च कार्त्तिकेय इति स्मृतः ॥२३॥

23. tasya śākho viśākhaśca naigameśaśca pṛṣṭhajaḥ ,
kṛttikābhyupapatteśca kārttikeya iti smṛtaḥ.

23. tasya śākhaḥ viśākhaḥ ca naigameśaḥ ca pṛṣṭhajaḥ
kṛttikābhiḥ upapatteḥ ca kārttikeyaḥ iti smṛtaḥ

23. Śākha, Viśākha, Naigameśa, and Pṛṣṭhaja are associated with him (Kumāra). And because of his relationship with the Krittikās, he is known as Kārttikeya.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Kumāra) (his, its, of that)

• शाखः (śākhaḥ) - Śākha (name of an associate/aspect of Kumāra) (branch; subdivision; name of a deity)

• विशाखः (viśākhaḥ) - Viśākha (name of an associate/aspect of Kumāra) (without branches; having wide branches; name of a deity)

• च (ca) - and

• नैगमेशः (naigameśaḥ) - Naigameśa (name of an associate/aspect of Kumāra, a form of Skanda) (lord of the Naigamas; name of a deity)

• च (ca) - and

• पृष्ठजः (pṛṣṭhajaḥ) - Pṛṣṭhaja (name of an associate/aspect of Kumāra, often an epithet for Skanda himself) (born from the back; name of a deity)

• कृत्तिकाभिः (kṛttikābhiḥ) - by the Krittikās (referring to the six foster mothers of Kartikeya) (by the Krittikās (Pleiades))

• उपपत्तेः (upapatteḥ) - due to his connection/relationship (with the Krittikās) (of connection, of occurrence, of being suitable/born)

• च (ca) - and

• कार्त्तिकेयः (kārttikeyaḥ) - Kārttikeya (proper name for Skanda) (son of the Krittikās; Kartikeya)

• इति (iti) - thus, so (introducing a name/title) (thus, in this way, so called)

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is known (as Kārttikeya) (remembered, known, traditionally taught)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Kumāra) (his, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Kumāra.

शाखः (śākhaḥ) - Śākha (name of an associate/aspect of Kumāra) (branch; subdivision; name of a deity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śākha

śākha - branch (of a tree); division, department; name of a deity associated with Skanda

Root: śak (class 5)

विशाखः (viśākhaḥ) - Viśākha (name of an associate/aspect of Kumāra) (without branches; having wide branches; name of a deity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśākha

viśākha - branchless; having wide branches; name of a deity associated with Skanda

vi + śākha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa/bahuvrīhi (vi+śākha)

• vi – apart, away, without
  indeclinable
• śākha – branch
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

नैगमेशः (naigameśaḥ) - Naigameśa (name of an associate/aspect of Kumāra, a form of Skanda) (lord of the Naigamas; name of a deity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naigameśa

naigameśa - lord of the Naigamas (a class of deities/beings); a form of Skanda/Kartikeya

naigama + īśa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (naigama+īśa)

• naigama – merchant, town-dweller, member of a corporation
  noun (masculine)
  ni + gam + aṇ
  Root: gam (class 1)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  root īś + a
  Root: īś (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पृष्ठजः (pṛṣṭhajaḥ) - Pṛṣṭhaja (name of an associate/aspect of Kumāra, often an epithet for Skanda himself) (born from the back; name of a deity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭhaja

pṛṣṭhaja - born from the back; name of a deity or an epithet of Skanda

pṛṣṭha + ja (born from)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛṣṭha+ja)

• pṛṣṭha – back, surface, top
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective/suffix
  root jan + ḍa
  Root: jan (class 4)

कृत्तिकाभिः (kṛttikābhiḥ) - by the Krittikās (referring to the six foster mothers of Kartikeya) (by the Krittikās (Pleiades))

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of kṛttikā

kṛttikā - the Pleiades (a constellation); the six foster mothers of Kartikeya

Root: kṛt (class 6)

Note: Refers to the six sisters.

उपपत्तेः (upapatteḥ) - due to his connection/relationship (with the Krittikās) (of connection, of occurrence, of being suitable/born)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of upapatti

upapatti - coming to pass, occurrence, connection, fitness, suitability, proof, cause

action noun

upa + root pad + ktin

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Expresses cause or reason.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कार्त्तिकेयः (kārttikeyaḥ) - Kārttikeya (proper name for Skanda) (son of the Krittikās; Kartikeya)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārttikeya

kārttikeya - son of Krittikā; a name for Skanda, the god of war

patronymic

kṛttikā + ḍhak

इति (iti) - thus, so (introducing a name/title) (thus, in this way, so called)

(indeclinable)

Root: i (class 2)

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is known (as Kārttikeya) (remembered, known, traditionally taught)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected; taught by tradition, known

past passive participle

root smṛ + kta

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Kārttikeyaḥ.