दुर्गा-सप्तशती
durgā-saptaśatī
-
chapter-1, verse-16
स पृष्टस्तेन कस्त्वं भोः हेतुश्चागमनेऽत्र कः ।
सशोक इव कस्मात्त्वं दुर्मना इव लक्ष्यसे ॥१६॥
सशोक इव कस्मात्त्वं दुर्मना इव लक्ष्यसे ॥१६॥
16. sa pṛṣṭastena kastvaṃ bhoḥ hetuścāgamane'tra kaḥ .
saśoka iva kasmāttvaṃ durmanā iva lakṣyase.
saśoka iva kasmāttvaṃ durmanā iva lakṣyase.
16.
saḥ pṛṣṭaḥ tena kaḥ tvam bhoḥ hetuḥ ca āgamane atra
kaḥ saśokaḥ iva kasmāt tvam durmanāḥ iva lakṣyase
kaḥ saśokaḥ iva kasmāt tvam durmanāḥ iva lakṣyase
16.
The king asked him (the merchant): "Who are you, sir? And what is the reason for your presence here? Why do you appear to be sorrowful and dejected?"
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सः (saḥ) - he (the merchant)
- पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked
- तेन (tena) - by him (the king)
- कः (kaḥ) - who
- त्वम् (tvam) - you
- भोः (bhoḥ) - O!, sir!
- हेतुः (hetuḥ) - reason, cause
- च (ca) - and
- आगमने (āgamane) - for coming, in coming, for your presence
- अत्र (atra) - here
- कः (kaḥ) - what
- सशोकः (saśokaḥ) - sorrowful, with sorrow
- इव (iva) - as if, like
- कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what (reason)
- त्वम् (tvam) - you
- दुर्मनाः (durmanāḥ) - dejected, distressed, ill-minded
- इव (iva) - as if, like
- लक्ष्यसे (lakṣyase) - you appear, you are seen
Words meanings and morphology
सः (saḥ) - he (the merchant)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Subject of the implied verb 'was'.
पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭa
pṛṣṭa - asked, questioned
Past Passive Participle
Derived from verb root prach (to ask) in past passive participle form.
Root: prach (class 6)
Note: Predicative adjective for 'saḥ', indicating the state of being asked.
तेन (tena) - by him (the king)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Agent in a passive construction.
कः (kaḥ) - who
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kim
kim - who, what, which
Note: Interrogative pronoun.
त्वम् (tvam) - you
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (singular)
Note: Subject of the question.
भोः (bhoḥ) - O!, sir!
(indeclinable)
Note: Vocative particle.
हेतुः (hetuḥ) - reason, cause
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of hetu
hetu - reason, cause, motive, agent
Root: hi (class 5)
Note: Subject of the second question.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
आगमने (āgamane) - for coming, in coming, for your presence
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of āgamana
āgamana - coming, arrival, approach
Action noun
From verb root gam (to go) with prefix ā (towards).
Prefix: ā
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Locative case indicating purpose or circumstance.
अत्र (atra) - here
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverb of place.
कः (kaḥ) - what
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kim
kim - who, what, which
Note: Interrogative pronoun.
सशोकः (saśokaḥ) - sorrowful, with sorrow
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of saśoka
saśoka - sorrowful, grieved, with grief
Compound 'sa' (with) + 'śoka' (sorrow).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+śoka)
- sa – with, accompanied by
indeclinable - śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
noun (masculine)
Action noun
From root śuc (to sorrow, to burn).
Root: śuc (class 1)
Note: Predicative adjective for 'tvam'.
इव (iva) - as if, like
(indeclinable)
Note: Particle for comparison.
कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what (reason)
(pronoun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of kim
kim - who, what, which
Note: Interrogative adverb 'why'.
त्वम् (tvam) - you
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (singular)
Note: Subject of 'lakṣyase'.
दुर्मनाः (durmanāḥ) - dejected, distressed, ill-minded
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of durmanas
durmanas - dejected, distressed, sad, ill-minded
Compound 'dur' (bad/difficult) + 'manas' (mind).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+manas)
- dur – bad, difficult, ill
indeclinable - manas – mind, intellect, thought
noun (neuter)
Root: man (class 4)
Note: Predicative adjective for 'tvam'.
इव (iva) - as if, like
(indeclinable)
Note: Particle for comparison.
लक्ष्यसे (lakṣyase) - you appear, you are seen
(verb)
2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of lakṣ
Root: lakṣ (class 10)
Note: Middle voice implies 'you appear' or 'you are seen (by others/me)'.