योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-114, verse-39

स्वदृष्टिक्षयसंपत्तावक्ष्णोरेवोदितं तमः ।
वस्तुस्वभावात्तद्व्योम्नः कार्ष्ण्यमित्यवलोक्यते ॥ ३९ ॥

svadṛṣṭikṣayasaṃpattāvakṣṇorevoditaṃ tamaḥ ,
vastusvabhāvāttadvyomnaḥ kārṣṇyamityavalokyate 39

39. svadṛṣṭikṣayasaṃpattau akṣṇoḥ eva uditam tamaḥ |
vastusvabhāvāt tat vyomnaḥ kārṣṇyam iti avalokyate ||

39. svadṛṣṭikṣayasaṃpattau akṣṇoḥ eva tamaḥ uditam (bhavati)
vastusvabhāvāt tat vyomnaḥ kārṣṇyam iti avalokyate

39. When one's own vision (dṛṣṭi) declines or reaches its limit, the darkness (tamas) that arises is solely from the eyes. Due to the inherent nature of reality (vastu), this (darkness) is then perceived as the blackness of the sky (vyoman).

Words meanings summery:

• स्वदृष्टिक्षयसंपत्तौ (svadṛṣṭikṣayasaṁpattau) - Refers to the condition where one's individual perception (dṛṣṭi) is limited or obstructed, leading to the perception of darkness. (in the state of the decline or cessation of one's own vision)

• अक्ष्णोः (akṣṇoḥ) - From one's (two) eyes, indicating that the darkness is a subjective phenomenon originating from the observer. (from the eyes, of the eyes)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes that the darkness arises *only* from the eyes, not from external reality. (indeed, just, only)

• उदितम् (uditam) - The darkness (tamas) that has manifested or become visible. (arisen, appeared)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (tamas), referring to the perceived obscurity that is subjective, not objective. (darkness)

• वस्तुस्वभावात् (vastusvabhāvāt) - Due to the intrinsic nature of objects or reality itself, which is not inherently blue or black. (due to the inherent nature of things/reality)

• तत् (tat) - Refers back to the darkness (tamas) that has arisen from the eyes. (that (neuter))

• व्योम्नः (vyomnaḥ) - of the sky, of space

• कार्ष्ण्यम् (kārṣṇyam) - The perceived blackness of the sky (vyoman), which is attributed to subjective darkness. (blackness, darkness)

• इति (iti) - Indicates that the blackness is observed *as* the blackness of the sky. (thus, so, as)

• अवलोक्यते (avalokyate) - The subjective act of perceiving the darkness as the sky's blackness. (is observed, is seen, appears)

Words meanings and morphology

स्वदृष्टिक्षयसंपत्तौ (svadṛṣṭikṣayasaṁpattau) - Refers to the condition where one's individual perception (dṛṣṭi) is limited or obstructed, leading to the perception of darkness. (in the state of the decline or cessation of one's own vision)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of svadṛṣṭikṣayasaṃpatti

svadṛṣṭikṣayasaṁpatti - attainment of the decline/cessation of one's own vision

From `sva` (own) + `dṛṣṭi` (vision) + `kṣaya` (decline) + `saṃpatti` (attainment, state).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+dṛṣṭi+kṣaya+saṃpatti)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (neuter)
• dṛṣṭi – seeing, vision, sight; doctrine, view (dṛṣṭi)
  noun (feminine)
  From root √dṛś (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• kṣaya – decline, loss, destruction, cessation
  noun (masculine)
  From root √kṣi (to decay).
  Root: kṣi (class 5)
• saṃpatti – attainment, accomplishment, success, state, condition
  noun (feminine)
  From `sam` + `pad` (to go, fall, obtain).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Condition for the darkness to appear.

अक्ष्णोः (akṣṇoḥ) - From one's (two) eyes, indicating that the darkness is a subjective phenomenon originating from the observer. (from the eyes, of the eyes)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, dual of akṣi

akṣi - eye

Genitive/Ablative dual form.

Note: Ablative makes more sense here as the source of darkness.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes that the darkness arises *only* from the eyes, not from external reality. (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

उदितम् (uditam) - The darkness (tamas) that has manifested or become visible. (arisen, appeared)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udita

udita - risen, appeared, said (from `vac`), uttered

Past Passive Participle

From `ud` + √i (to go). Here refers to appearance.

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (tamas), referring to the perceived obscurity that is subjective, not objective. (darkness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertia (tamas)

Root: tam (class 4)

Note: Subject of the first part of the sentence.

वस्तुस्वभावात् (vastusvabhāvāt) - Due to the intrinsic nature of objects or reality itself, which is not inherently blue or black. (due to the inherent nature of things/reality)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vastusvabhāva

vastusvabhāva - the inherent nature of reality, the true nature of things

From `vastu` (thing, reality) + `svabhāva` (one's own nature, inherent nature).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vastu+svabhāva)

• vastu – thing, object, reality, substance
  noun (neuter)
  From root √vas (to dwell).
  Root: vas (class 1)
• svabhāva – one's own being, inherent nature, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From `sva` (own) + `bhāva` (being, nature).
  Prefix: sva
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Provides the philosophical reason for the perception.

तत् (tat) - Refers back to the darkness (tamas) that has arisen from the eyes. (that (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Functions as the subject of the second clause.

व्योम्नः (vyomnaḥ) - of the sky, of space

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vyoman

vyoman - sky, atmosphere, space, ether

कार्ष्ण्यम् (kārṣṇyam) - The perceived blackness of the sky (vyoman), which is attributed to subjective darkness. (blackness, darkness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārṣṇya

kārṣṇya - blackness, darkness

Derived from `kṛṣṇa` (black) + suffix `ya` (abstract noun).

Root: kṛṣ (class 6)

Note: Predicate nominative with `iti`.

इति (iti) - Indicates that the blackness is observed *as* the blackness of the sky. (thus, so, as)

(indeclinable)

Particle used to introduce or conclude a statement or a notion.

Note: Connects `kārṣṇyam` to `avalokyate`, indicating it is observed *as* blackness.

अवलोक्यते (avalokyate) - The subjective act of perceiving the darkness as the sky's blackness. (is observed, is seen, appears)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of avalok

Present passive

From `ava` + √lok (to see, perceive).

Prefix: ava

Root: lok (class 1)