योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-114, verse-1

श्रीराम उवाच ।
अविद्याविभवप्रोत्थं निविडं पुरुषस्य हि ।
महदान्ध्यमिदं ब्रह्मन्कथं नाम विनश्यति ॥ १ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
avidyāvibhavaprotthaṃ niviḍaṃ puruṣasya hi ,
mahadāndhyamidaṃ brahmankathaṃ nāma vinaśyati 1

1. śrīrāma uvāca avidyāvibhavaprotham niviḍam puruṣasya
hi mahat āndhyam idam brahman katham nāma vinaśyati

1. śrīrāma uvāca brahman,
puruṣasya hi avidyāvibhavaprotham niviḍam idam mahat āndhyam katham nāma vinaśyati

1. Śrī Rāma said: O Brahman, how indeed does this profound blindness, which truly arises from the abundance of ignorance (avidyā) and affects the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa), ever vanish?

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Śrī Rāma (Lord Rāma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अविद्याविभवप्रोथम् (avidyāvibhavaprotham) - arising from the powerful manifestation of ignorance (avidyā) (arising from the abundance of ignorance)

• निविडम् (niviḍam) - profound (dense, thick, profound, firm)

• पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - affects the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa) (of the man, of the person, of the individual soul, of the cosmic being (puruṣa))

• हि (hi) - truly (as an emphatic particle) (indeed, certainly, for, because)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

• आन्ध्यम् (āndhyam) - blindness (blindness, darkness, ignorance)

• इदम् (idam) - this (blindness) (this (neuter))

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahman (O Brahman (referring to Vasiṣṭha))

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• नाम (nāma) - ever (as an emphatic particle in interrogative contexts) (by name, indeed, certainly)

• विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - ever vanish (perishes, vanishes, disappears)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Śrī Rāma (Lord Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - an epithet of Rāma, a Hindu deity

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect form from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

अविद्याविभवप्रोथम् (avidyāvibhavaprotham) - arising from the powerful manifestation of ignorance (avidyā) (arising from the abundance of ignorance)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avidyāvibhavaprotha

avidyāvibhavaprotha - risen from the power of ignorance

Compound adjective, masculine/neuter accusative singular or nominative singular. Here qualifying 'āndhyam'.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (avidyā+vibhava+prottha)

• avidyā – ignorance, non-knowledge
  noun (feminine)
  From a (not) + vidyā (knowledge)
  Prefix: a
• vibhava – power, might, abundance, manifestation
  noun (masculine)
  From vi + bhū
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• prottha – risen, produced, arising from
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra + ut + sthā (contracted to stha > ttha)
  Prefixes: pra+ut
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'āndhyam'.

निविडम् (niviḍam) - profound (dense, thick, profound, firm)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niviḍa

niviḍa - dense, thick, profound

Note: Qualifies 'āndhyam'.

पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - affects the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa) (of the man, of the person, of the individual soul, of the cosmic being (puruṣa))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, person, individual soul, cosmic being

Note: Indicates possession or relation to 'āndhyam'.

हि (hi) - truly (as an emphatic particle) (indeed, certainly, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Nominative singular neuter form of the stem 'mahat'

आन्ध्यम् (āndhyam) - blindness (blindness, darkness, ignorance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āndhya

āndhya - blindness, darkness, ignorance

Derived from 'andha' (blind).

इदम् (idam) - this (blindness) (this (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to 'āndhyam'.

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahman (O Brahman (referring to Vasiṣṭha))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Vedic priest, spiritual teacher, the Absolute, the ultimate reality

Vocative singular of 'brahman' (masculine).

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Important term, keep original in translation.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

नाम (nāma) - ever (as an emphatic particle in interrogative contexts) (by name, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - ever vanish (perishes, vanishes, disappears)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of naś

Present active

From vi + naś. Root naś is class 4.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)