योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-114, verse-38

केवलं शून्यतैवैषा बह्वी सुभग लक्ष्यते ।
वयस्येवानुरूपा या अविद्याया असन्मयी ॥ ३८ ॥

kevalaṃ śūnyataivaiṣā bahvī subhaga lakṣyate ,
vayasyevānurūpā yā avidyāyā asanmayī 38

38. kevalam śūnyatā eva eṣā bahvī subhaga lakṣyate
| vayasyā iva anurūpā yā avidyāyā asanmayī ||

38. subhaga,
eṣā kevalam śūnyatā eva bahvī lakṣyate yā avidyāyā asanmayī anurūpā iva vayasyā (bhavati)

38. O fortunate one, this (blueness of the sky) is merely emptiness (śūnyatā) itself, yet it appears in many forms. This appearance is perfectly suited to ignorance (avidyā), as it consists of unreality (asanmayī).

Words meanings summery:

• केवलम् (kevalam) - Used adverbially to emphasize the singular nature of emptiness. (merely, only, solely)

• शून्यता (śūnyatā) - emptiness (śūnyatā), referring to the non-existent nature of the sky's blueness. (emptiness, voidness)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes that it is *only* emptiness. (indeed, just, only)

• एषा (eṣā) - Refers to 'nīlatā' (blueness), which is understood as 'śūnyatā'. (this (feminine))

• बह्वी (bahvī) - Refers to the emptiness appearing in many forms or aspects, such as the manifold blueness of the sky. (manifold, numerous, much)

• सुभग (subhaga) - A vocative address, likely to Rāma, meaning 'O fortunate one'. (O fortunate one, O lovely one)

• लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - Is observed or appears to be something (manifold), despite its true nature. (is seen, is perceived, appears)

• वयस्या (vayasyā) - Used figuratively here to describe the emptiness (śūnyatā) as a 'suitable companion' to ignorance (avidyā), because it's born from and perpetuates it. (female friend, companion)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अनुरूपा (anurūpā) - Perfectly suited or corresponding to the nature of ignorance (avidyā). (suitable, fitting, corresponding)

• या (yā) - Introduces a relative clause, referring to 'eṣā śūnyatā' (this emptiness). (which, who (feminine))

• अविद्याया (avidyāyā) - of spiritual ignorance (avidyā), which is seen as the root cause of illusion. (of ignorance)

• असन्मयी (asanmayī) - Emphasizes the illusory and non-existent nature of the perceived blueness, which is an outcome of ignorance. (consisting of unreality, made of non-being)

Words meanings and morphology

केवलम् (kevalam) - Used adverbially to emphasize the singular nature of emptiness. (merely, only, solely)

(indeclinable)

शून्यता (śūnyatā) - emptiness (śūnyatā), referring to the non-existent nature of the sky's blueness. (emptiness, voidness)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śūnyatā

śūnyatā - emptiness, voidness, nothingness (śūnyatā)

From `śūnya` (empty) + `tā` (abstract noun suffix).

एव (eva) - Emphasizes that it is *only* emptiness. (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Particle for emphasis.

एषा (eṣā) - Refers to 'nīlatā' (blueness), which is understood as 'śūnyatā'. (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

बह्वी (bahvī) - Refers to the emptiness appearing in many forms or aspects, such as the manifold blueness of the sky. (manifold, numerous, much)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous, manifold

Feminine nominative singular form of `bahu`.

सुभग (subhaga) - A vocative address, likely to Rāma, meaning 'O fortunate one'. (O fortunate one, O lovely one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of subhaga

subhaga - fortunate, lovely, charming, beloved

Can be used as a vocative noun.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+bhaga)

• su – good, excellent, well
  indeclinable
• bhaga – fortune, prosperity, good luck, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  From root √bhaj (to share, possess).
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: A term of address.

लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - Is observed or appears to be something (manifold), despite its true nature. (is seen, is perceived, appears)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of lakṣ

Present passive

From root √lakṣ (10th class, Atmanepada or passive).

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

वयस्या (vayasyā) - Used figuratively here to describe the emptiness (śūnyatā) as a 'suitable companion' to ignorance (avidyā), because it's born from and perpetuates it. (female friend, companion)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vayasya

vayasya - a friend, companion (of the same age); female friend (feminine form `vayasyā`)

Feminine nominative singular.

Note: Refers to `śūnyatā` as a 'companion' of `avidyā`.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

अनुरूपा (anurūpā) - Perfectly suited or corresponding to the nature of ignorance (avidyā). (suitable, fitting, corresponding)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anurūpa

anurūpa - suitable, fit, corresponding, appropriate

From `anu` + `rūpa` (form). Feminine nominative singular.

Compound type : avyayibhava or tatpurusha (anu+rūpa)

• anu – after, along, according to
  indeclinable
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, nature
  noun (neuter)
  From root √rūp (to represent).
  Root: rūp (class 10)

या (yā) - Introduces a relative clause, referring to 'eṣā śūnyatā' (this emptiness). (which, who (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Introduces a relative clause.

अविद्याया (avidyāyā) - of spiritual ignorance (avidyā), which is seen as the root cause of illusion. (of ignorance)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of avidyā

avidyā - ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance (avidyā)

From `a` (not) + `vidyā` (knowledge).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vidyā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (feminine)
  From root √vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

असन्मयी (asanmayī) - Emphasizes the illusory and non-existent nature of the perceived blueness, which is an outcome of ignorance. (consisting of unreality, made of non-being)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of asanmaya

asanmaya - consisting of non-existence, unreal, illusory

From `asat` (non-existent, unreal) + `maya` (made of, consisting of). Feminine nominative singular.

Compound type : tatpurusha (asat+maya)

• asat – non-existent, unreal, false
  adjective (neuter)
  Present active participle
  Negative particle 'a-' combined with 'sat' (being, existent). 'sat' is the present active participle of 'as' (to be).
  Prefix: a
  Root: as (class 2)
• maya – made of, full of, consisting of
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -maya. Originally derived from "māyā" (illusion) but here signifies "made of".

Note: Emphasizes the illusory nature.