वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-11, verse-60

स तेभ्यस्तु नमस्कृत्वा सुग्रीवाय च मारुतिः ।
दिशः सर्वाः समालोक्य अशोकवनिकां प्रति ॥६०॥

60. sa tebhyastu namaskṛtvā sugrīvāya ca mārutiḥ ,
diśaḥ sarvāḥ samālokya aśokavanikāṃ prati.

60. saḥ tebhyaḥ tu namaskṛtvā sugrīvāya ca mārutiḥ
diśaḥ sarvāḥ samālokya aśoka-vanikām prati

60. mārutiḥ saḥ tebhyaḥ tu sugrīvāya ca namaskṛtvā
sarvāḥ diśaḥ aśoka-vanikām prati samālokya

60. Having offered salutations to them and to Sugriva, Maruta's son (Hanuman) surveyed all directions towards the Ashoka grove.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He (Hanuman) (he, that)

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them (referring to the deities mentioned in the previous verse) (to them, from them)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however, moreover)

• नमस्कृत्वा (namaskṛtvā) - having offered salutations (having made obeisance, having saluted)

• सुग्रीवाय (sugrīvāya) - to Sugriva (king of the Vanaras) (to Sugriva)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मारुतिः (mārutiḥ) - Maruta's son (Hanuman) (son of Maruta (wind-god))

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - all directions (directions, quarters)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all (all, every)

• समालोक्य (samālokya) - having surveyed (having looked at, having surveyed, having observed)

• अशोक-वनिकाम् (aśoka-vanikām) - towards the Ashoka grove (to the Ashoka grove)

• प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, to, against, in respect of)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He (Hanuman) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them (referring to the deities mentioned in the previous verse) (to them, from them)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Object of namaskṛtvā.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle

नमस्कृत्वा (namaskṛtvā) - having offered salutations (having made obeisance, having saluted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root kṛ (to do, make) with prefix namas- (obeisance) and suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सुग्रीवाय (sugrīvāya) - to Sugriva (king of the Vanaras) (to Sugriva)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king)

Note: Object of namaskṛtvā.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

मारुतिः (mārutiḥ) - Maruta's son (Hanuman) (son of Maruta (wind-god))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māruti

māruti - descendant of Marut, son of the wind-god (epithet for Hanuman)

patronymic derivation from Marut

Note: Subject of the sentence.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - all directions (directions, quarters)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of samālokya.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all (all, every)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with diśaḥ.

समालोक्य (samālokya) - having surveyed (having looked at, having surveyed, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root lok (to see) with prefixes sam- and ā-, and suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: lok (class 10)

अशोक-वनिकाम् (aśoka-vanikām) - towards the Ashoka grove (to the Ashoka grove)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aśoka-vanikā

aśoka-vanikā - Ashoka grove (a specific garden in Lanka)

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśoka+vanikā)

• aśoka – Ashoka tree (Saraca asoca); grief-less
  noun (masculine)
  Compound 'a' + 'śoka' (without grief)
• vanikā – small forest, grove, garden
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of movement prati.

प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, to, against, in respect of)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/prefix

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