वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-11, verse-48

एवं बहुविधं दुःखं मनसा धारयन्मुहुः ।
नाध्यगच्छत्तदा पारं शोकस्य कपिकुञ्जरः ॥४८॥

48. evaṃ bahuvidhaṃ duḥkhaṃ manasā dhārayanmuhuḥ ,
nādhyagacchattadā pāraṃ śokasya kapikuñjaraḥ.

48. evam bahuvidham duḥkham manasā dhārayan muhuḥ
na adhyagacchat tadā pāram śokasya kapikuñjaraḥ

48. evam bahuvidham duḥkham manasā muhuḥ dhārayan
tadā kapikuñjaraḥ śokasya pāram na adhyagacchat

48. Thus, repeatedly contemplating this multi-faceted sorrow (duḥkha) in his mind, the foremost of monkeys (Hanuman) could not then reach the other shore of his grief (śoka).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• बहुविधम् (bahuvidham) - of many kinds, multi-faceted

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, in the mind

• धारयन् (dhārayan) - holding, bearing, contemplating

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

• न (na) - not

• अध्यगच्छत् (adhyagacchat) - he did not reach, he did not find

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• पारम् (pāram) - the other shore, end, limit

• शोकस्य (śokasya) - of sorrow, of grief

• कपिकुञ्जरः (kapikuñjaraḥ) - Hanuman (foremost monkey, best of monkeys)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

बहुविधम् (bahuvidham) - of many kinds, multi-faceted

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahuvidha

bahuvidha - of many kinds, various, manifold

Compound type : Tatpurusha (bahu+vidha)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, sorrow, suffering, misery

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, in the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought

धारयन् (dhārayan) - holding, bearing, contemplating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārayat

dhṛ - to hold, bear, maintain

present active participle (causative)

Derived from the causative stem 'dhāray' of root 'dhṛ' with suffix '-at'.

Root: dhṛ (class 10)

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अध्यगच्छत् (adhyagacchat) - he did not reach, he did not find

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of adhigam

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

पारम् (pāram) - the other shore, end, limit

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāra

pāra - the opposite bank, further shore, end, limit

शोकस्य (śokasya) - of sorrow, of grief

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - grief, sorrow, lamentation

कपिकुञ्जरः (kapikuñjaraḥ) - Hanuman (foremost monkey, best of monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapikuñjara

kapikuñjara - foremost monkey, best of monkeys

Compound type : Tatpurusha (kapi+kuñjara)

• kapi – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• kuñjara – elephant (often used as a suffix to denote 'best of' or 'chief')
  noun (masculine)

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