वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-11, verse-10

उपर्युपरि वा नूनं सागरं क्रमतस्तदा ।
विवेष्टमाना पतिता समुद्रे जनकात्मजा ॥१०॥

10. uparyupari vā nūnaṃ sāgaraṃ kramatastadā ,
viveṣṭamānā patitā samudre janakātmajā.

10. uparyupari vā nūnam sāgaram kramataḥ tadā
viveṣṭamānā patitā samudre janakātmajā

10. vā nūnam janakātmajā tadā sāgaram uparyupari
kramataḥ viveṣṭamānā samudre patitā

10. Or indeed, Janaka's daughter (Sītā), while moving high above the ocean, would have surely fallen, writhing, into the sea.

Words meanings summery:

• उपर्युपरि (uparyupari) - repeatedly above, higher and higher

• वा (vā) - or, indeed, possibly

• नूनम् (nūnam) - certainly, indeed, surely

• सागरम् (sāgaram) - the ocean

• क्रमतः (kramataḥ) - while stepping, moving over, crossing

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• विवेष्टमाना (viveṣṭamānā) - writhing, rolling, twisting

• पतिता (patitā) - fallen

• समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean, into the sea

• जनकात्मजा (janakātmajā) - Sītā (Janaka's daughter)

Words meanings and morphology

उपर्युपरि (uparyupari) - repeatedly above, higher and higher

(indeclinable)

Intensive reduplication of upari.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (upari+upari)

• upari – above, over, upwards
  indeclinable
• upari – above, over, upwards
  indeclinable

Note: Adverb.

वा (vā) - or, indeed, possibly

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction or particle.

नूनम् (nūnam) - certainly, indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

सागरम् (sāgaram) - the ocean

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Note: Object of implied motion or action.

क्रमतः (kramataḥ) - while stepping, moving over, crossing

(participle)

singular of kramat

kramat - moving, stepping, going, crossing

present active participle

Derived from root kram (to step, go), P.P. -at. The form kramataḥ is ablative/genitive singular, used adverbially here.

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially to describe the action of Sītā.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem tad.

Note: Adverb of time.

विवेष्टमाना (viveṣṭamānā) - writhing, rolling, twisting

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viveṣṭamāna

viveṣṭamāna - writhing, twisting, rolling (as if in pain or struggle)

present middle participle

From root veṣṭ (to roll, coil) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: veṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies janakātmajā.

पतिता (patitā) - fallen

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended

past passive participle

From root pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Predicate participle for janakātmajā.

समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean, into the sea

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

Note: Indicates location or destination.

जनकात्मजा (janakātmajā) - Sītā (Janaka's daughter)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of janakātmajā

janakātmajā - Janaka's daughter, Sītā

Compound: Janaka (father) + ātmajā (daughter).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (janaka+ātmajā)

• janaka – Janaka (father of Sītā), father, progenitor
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ātmajā – daughter (from ātman self + jā born)
  noun (feminine)
  From ātman and root jan.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.