वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-11, verse-16

जनकस्य कुले जाता रामपत्नी सुमध्यमा ।
कथमुत्पलपत्राक्षी रावणस्य वशं व्रजेत् ॥१६॥

16. janakasya kule jātā rāmapatnī sumadhyamā ,
kathamutpalapatrākṣī rāvaṇasya vaśaṃ vrajet.

16. janakasya kule jātā rāmapatnī sumadhyamā |
katham utpalapatrākṣī rāvaṇasya vaśam vrajet

16. janakasya kule jātā rāmapatnī sumadhyamā
utpalapatrākṣī (sā) rāvaṇasya vaśam katham vrajet

16. How could she, born into Janaka's family, the slender-waisted wife of Rāma, whose eyes resemble lotus petals, ever fall under Rāvaṇa's control?

Words meanings summery:

• जनकस्य (janakasya) - of King Janaka (of Janaka)

• कुले (kule) - in the lineage/family (in the family, in the lineage, in the race)

• जाता (jātā) - born (feminine nominative singular, refers to Sītā) (born, produced, become)

• रामपत्नी (rāmapatnī) - Rāma's wife (Sītā) (Rāma's wife)

• सुमध्यमा (sumadhyamā) - slender-waisted (feminine nominative singular, refers to Sītā) (slender-waisted, having a beautiful waist)

• कथम् (katham) - how? (how? why?)

• उत्पलपत्राक्षी (utpalapatrākṣī) - one whose eyes are like lotus petals (Sītā) (lotus-petal-eyed)

• रावणस्य (rāvaṇasya) - of Rāvaṇa

• वशम् (vaśam) - under the control (of) (control, power, will)

• व्रजेत् (vrajet) - ever fall under (lit. "go to") (may go, should go, would go)

Words meanings and morphology

जनकस्य (janakasya) - of King Janaka (of Janaka)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of janaka

janaka - father, generator; Janaka (proper noun)

कुले (kule) - in the lineage/family (in the family, in the lineage, in the race)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, clan, house

जाता (jātā) - born (feminine nominative singular, refers to Sītā) (born, produced, become)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, become

Past Passive Participle

From root 'jan' (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Used as an adjective modifying Sītā.

रामपत्नी (rāmapatnī) - Rāma's wife (Sītā) (Rāma's wife)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rāmapatnī

rāmapatnī - Rāma's wife

Compound: Rāma (proper noun) + patnī (wife).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāma+patnī)

• rāma – Rāma
  proper noun (masculine)
• patnī – wife, mistress
  noun (feminine)

सुमध्यमा (sumadhyamā) - slender-waisted (feminine nominative singular, refers to Sītā) (slender-waisted, having a beautiful waist)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sumadhyamā

sumadhyamā - slender-waisted, having a beautiful waist

Compound: su (good, beautiful) + madhyama (middle, waist).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+madhyama)

• su – good, excellent, well
  indeclinable
  Prefix for 'good' or 'beautiful'.
• madhyama – middle, central, waist
  noun (masculine)

कथम् (katham) - how? (how? why?)

(indeclinable)

उत्पलपत्राक्षी (utpalapatrākṣī) - one whose eyes are like lotus petals (Sītā) (lotus-petal-eyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of utpalapatrākṣī

utpalapatrākṣa - lotus-petal-eyed

Compound: utpalapatra (lotus leaf/petal) + akṣī (eye).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (utpalapatra+akṣi)

• utpalapatra – lotus leaf/petal
  noun (neuter)
  Compound: utpala (lotus) + patra (leaf).
• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)

रावणस्य (rāvaṇasya) - of Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper noun)

वशम् (vaśam) - under the control (of) (control, power, will)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, power, control, authority

Note: Governed by 'vrajet'.

व्रजेत् (vrajet) - ever fall under (lit. "go to") (may go, should go, would go)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vraj

optative mood

Optative 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vraj (class 1)