वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-11, verse-40

हस्तादानो मुखादानो नियतो वृक्षमूलिकः ।
वानप्रस्थो भविष्यामि अदृष्ट्वा जनकात्मजाम् ॥४०॥

40. hastādāno mukhādāno niyato vṛkṣamūlikaḥ ,
vānaprastho bhaviṣyāmi adṛṣṭvā janakātmajām.

40. hastādānaḥ mukhādānaḥ niyataḥ vṛkṣamūlikaḥ
vānaprasthaḥ bhaviṣyāmi adṛṣṭvā janakātmajām

40. janakātmajām adṛṣṭvā aham niyataḥ hastādānaḥ
mukhādānaḥ vṛkṣamūlikaḥ vānaprasthaḥ bhaviṣyāmi

40. Without seeing Janaka's daughter, I will become a self-controlled forest hermit (vānaprastha), gathering my food with my hands or directly with my mouth, and residing at the foot of a tree.

Words meanings summery:

• हस्तादानः (hastādānaḥ) - one who gathers food only by hand (without tools) (one who takes with the hand)

• मुखादानः (mukhādānaḥ) - one who gathers food only directly with the mouth (without using hands, or eating what falls) (one who takes with the mouth)

• नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled (restrained; disciplined; self-controlled)

• वृक्षमूलिकः (vṛkṣamūlikaḥ) - residing at the foot of a tree (residing at the root of a tree)

• वानप्रस्थः (vānaprasthaḥ) - forest hermit; one in the third stage of life (vānaprastha)

• भविष्यामि (bhaviṣyāmi) - I will become; I will be

• अदृष्ट्वा (adṛṣṭvā) - without seeing; not having seen

• जनकात्मजाम् (janakātmajām) - daughter of Janaka (Sītā)

Words meanings and morphology

हस्तादानः (hastādānaḥ) - one who gathers food only by hand (without tools) (one who takes with the hand)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hastādāna

hastādāna - taking with the hand; one who takes with the hand (referring to food)

compound of hasta (hand) + ādāna (taking)

Compound type : tatpurusha (hasta+ādāna)

• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)
• ādāna – taking; seizing; receiving
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun from root dā with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to Rama. Describes a mode of living for ascetics.

मुखादानः (mukhādānaḥ) - one who gathers food only directly with the mouth (without using hands, or eating what falls) (one who takes with the mouth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukhādāna

mukhādāna - taking with the mouth; eating what falls directly into the mouth

compound of mukha (mouth) + ādāna (taking)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mukha+ādāna)

• mukha – mouth; face
  noun (neuter)
• ādāna – taking; seizing; receiving
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun from root dā with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to Rama. Describes a mode of living for ascetics.

नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled (restrained; disciplined; self-controlled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - restrained; controlled; disciplined; fixed; constant

past passive participle

past passive participle of root yam with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vanaprasthaḥ'.

वृक्षमूलिकः (vṛkṣamūlikaḥ) - residing at the foot of a tree (residing at the root of a tree)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣamūlika

vṛkṣamūlika - one who dwells at the root of a tree; a hermit living under trees

compound of vṛkṣa (tree) + mūla (root) + ikā (suffix indicating habitant)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛkṣa+mūla)

• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)
• mūla – root; basis; foundation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'vanaprasthaḥ'.

वानप्रस्थः (vānaprasthaḥ) - forest hermit; one in the third stage of life (vānaprastha)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānaprastha

vānaprastha - a hermit; one who has retired to the forest for spiritual pursuits; the third stage of life (vānaprastha āśrama)

compound: vana (forest) + prastha (standing/going to)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+prastha)

• vana – forest; wood
  noun (neuter)
• prastha – standing; going to; dwelling
  noun (masculine)
  from root sthā with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Rama.

भविष्यामि (bhaviṣyāmi) - I will become; I will be

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

future tense

root bhū, future tense (lṛṭ), 1st person, singular, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

अदृष्ट्वा (adṛṣṭvā) - without seeing; not having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund) with negation 'a'

absolutive form of root dṛś with prefix 'a' for negation

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'a' negates the action of seeing.

जनकात्मजाम् (janakātmajām) - daughter of Janaka (Sītā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of janakātmajā

janakātmajā - daughter of Janaka; Sītā

compound of janaka (Janaka) + ātmajā (daughter)

Compound type : tatpurusha (janaka+ātmajā)

• janaka – Janaka (name of the king of Mithilā); father
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmajā – daughter
  noun (feminine)
  derived from ātman (self) + jā (born), referring to one born from oneself
  Root: jan (class 4)

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