वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-11, verse-29

दुर्मना व्यथिता दीना निरानन्दा तपस्विनी ।
पीडिता भर्तृशोकेन रुमा त्यक्ष्यति जीवितम् ॥२९॥

29. durmanā vyathitā dīnā nirānandā tapasvinī ,
pīḍitā bhartṛśokena rumā tyakṣyati jīvitam.

29. durmanā vyathitā dīnā nirānandā tapasvinī
pīḍitā bhartṛśokena rumā tyakṣyati jīvitam

29. durmanā vyathitā dīnā nirānandā tapasvinī
bhartṛśokena pīḍitā rumā jīvitam tyakṣyati

29. Ruma, distressed in mind (durmanā), afflicted, miserable, joyless, and pitiable (tapasvinī), tormented by the grief for her husband, will abandon her life.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्मना (durmanā) - distressed in mind, sad, unhappy

• व्यथिता (vyathitā) - afflicted, troubled, distressed

• दीना (dīnā) - miserable, sad, wretched

• निरानन्दा (nirānandā) - joyless, without joy

• तपस्विनी (tapasvinī) - pitiable woman, ascetic woman

• पीडिता (pīḍitā) - afflicted, tormented, oppressed

• भर्तृशोकेन (bhartṛśokena) - by the grief for her husband

• रुमा (rumā) - Ruma, wife of Sugriva (Ruma)

• त्यक्ष्यति (tyakṣyati) - will abandon, will give up

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्मना (durmanā) - distressed in mind, sad, unhappy

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of durmanas

durmanas - distressed in mind, sad, dejected, unhappy

Compound: dur (bad, difficult) + manas (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+manas)

• dur – bad, ill, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
• manas – mind, intellect, heart
  noun (neuter)

Note: Feminine form of durmanas.

व्यथिता (vyathitā) - afflicted, troubled, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - agitated, distressed, afflicted, troubled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √vyath (to be agitated) with suffix -ita, forming a past passive participle.

Root: √vyath (class 1)

Note: Feminine form of vyathita.

दीना (dīnā) - miserable, sad, wretched

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, sad, wretched, afflicted, humble

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √dai (to languish), forming a past passive participle.

Root: √dai (class 4)

Note: Feminine form of dīna.

निरानन्दा (nirānandā) - joyless, without joy

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirānanda

nirānanda - joyless, cheerless, unhappy, without pleasure

Compound: nir (without) + ānanda (joy).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+ānanda)

• nis – out, forth, without, negation
  indeclinable
• ānanda – joy, happiness, bliss
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā

Note: Feminine form of nirānanda.

तपस्विनी (tapasvinī) - pitiable woman, ascetic woman

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tapasvinī

tapasvinī - female ascetic, a woman practicing austerities; a pitiable woman

Feminine form of tapasvin (ascetic, pitiable).

Note: Here meaning 'pitiable woman' or 'unfortunate woman' due to her state.

पीडिता (pīḍitā) - afflicted, tormented, oppressed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - afflicted, oppressed, tormented, injured

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √pīḍ (to oppress), forming a past passive participle.

Root: √pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Feminine form of pīḍita.

भर्तृशोकेन (bhartṛśokena) - by the grief for her husband

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhartṛśoka

bhartṛśoka - grief for husband, sorrow of husband

Compound: bhartṛ (husband) + śoka (grief).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhartṛ+śoka)

• bhartṛ – husband, maintainer, supporter
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from √bhṛ (to bear, support).
  Root: √bhṛ (class 1)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)

रुमा (rumā) - Ruma, wife of Sugriva (Ruma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rumā

rumā - Ruma (proper name), wife of Sugriva

त्यक्ष्यति (tyakṣyati) - will abandon, will give up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of √tyaj

Future Indicative

Future tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: √tyaj (class 1)

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, livelihood

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Derived from verb root √jīv (to live), forming a past passive participle, used substantively.

Root: √jīv (class 1)

Previous Verse Next Verse