महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-60, verse-61

न च वो हृदि कर्तव्यं यदयं घातितो नृपः ।
मिथ्यावध्यास्तथोपायैर्बहवः शत्रवोऽधिकाः ॥६१॥

61. na ca vo hṛdi kartavyaṁ yadayaṁ ghātito nṛpaḥ ,
mithyāvadhyāstathopāyairbahavaḥ śatravo'dhikāḥ.

61. na ca vaḥ hṛdi kartavyam yat ayam ghātitaḥ nṛpaḥ
mithyā avadhyāḥ tathā upāyaiḥ bahavaḥ śatravaḥ adhikāḥ

61. ca vaḥ hṛdi na kartavyam yat ayam nṛpaḥ mithyā ghātitaḥ
tathā bahavaḥ adhikāḥ avadhyāḥ śatravaḥ upāyaiḥ

61. And it should not be held in your hearts that this king was killed improperly. Similarly, many formidable enemies, who were otherwise inviolable, were slain through these strategies.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and, also

• वः (vaḥ) - Refers to the listeners (kings). (your, to you, by you)

• हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart, in the mind

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - Should be considered or entertained (in the mind). (ought to be done, should be made (a thought/action))

• यत् (yat) - that, which, because

• अयम् (ayam) - Refers to Duryodhana. (this one)

• घातितः (ghātitaḥ) - Refers to the unrighteous killing of Duryodhana. (killed, caused to be killed)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - Duryodhana. (king, ruler)

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - Refers to the unfair manner of Duryodhana's killing (hitting below the belt). (falsely, wrongly, improperly)

• अवध्याः (avadhyāḥ) - Refers to enemies who could not be defeated in a righteous (dharma) battle. (not to be killed, inviolable)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, likewise

• उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - By the deceptive and unrighteous means used in the war. (by means, by strategies)

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

• शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - Refers to the formidable Kaurava warriors who were killed by unrighteous means. (enemies)

• अधिकाः (adhikāḥ) - Referring to the enemies who were superior in strength or numbers, thus requiring extraordinary measures. (superior, numerous, powerful, more)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects this statement to previous context.

वः (vaḥ) - Refers to the listeners (kings). (your, to you, by you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person plural pronoun, enclitic form.

Note: "In your hearts" implies a dative/genitive relationship.

हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart, in the mind

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hṛd

hṛd - heart, mind, conscience

Locative singular of `hṛd`.

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - Should be considered or entertained (in the mind). (ought to be done, should be made (a thought/action))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, to be made, ought to be done, duty

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root `kṛ` (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Governs the `yat` clause.

यत् (yat) - that, which, because

(indeclinable)

Relative pronoun, here used as a conjunction to introduce a subordinate clause.

Note: Functions as "that" introducing a content clause.

अयम् (ayam) - Refers to Duryodhana. (this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject within the `yat` clause.

घातितः (ghātitaḥ) - Refers to the unrighteous killing of Duryodhana. (killed, caused to be killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ghātita

ghātita - killed, slain, caused to be killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle (causative)

From causative stem of root `han` (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for `ayam nṛpaḥ`.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - Duryodhana. (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound: `nṛ` (man) + `pa` (protector, from root `pā`).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, male
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root `pā` (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 1)

मिथ्या (mithyā) - Refers to the unfair manner of Duryodhana's killing (hitting below the belt). (falsely, wrongly, improperly)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Modifies `ghātitaḥ`.

अवध्याः (avadhyāḥ) - Refers to enemies who could not be defeated in a righteous (dharma) battle. (not to be killed, inviolable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avadhya

avadhya - not to be killed, inviolable, immune from death

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

Negative prefix `a-` + gerundive of `vadh` (to kill, from `han`).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+vadhya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vadhya – to be killed, killable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root `han` (to kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Adjective for `śatravaḥ`.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, likewise

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Connects this clause to the previous one, implying a parallel.

उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - By the deceptive and unrighteous means used in the war. (by means, by strategies)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upāya

upāya - means, expedient, method, strategy, resource

Instrumental plural of `upāya`.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Instrumental agent of the implied verb "were slain/killed".

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous, abundant

Masculine nominative plural of `bahu`.

Note: Adjective for `śatravaḥ`.

शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - Refers to the formidable Kaurava warriors who were killed by unrighteous means. (enemies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Masculine nominative plural of `śatru`.

Root: śad (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb "were slain".

अधिकाः (adhikāḥ) - Referring to the enemies who were superior in strength or numbers, thus requiring extraordinary measures. (superior, numerous, powerful, more)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhika

adhika - superior, abundant, excessive, numerous, powerful

From `adhi` (over) + root `kā` (to measure), implying "exceeding measure".

Note: Adjective for `śatravaḥ`.