महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-60, verse-48

यदिष्टं क्षत्रबन्धूनां स्वधर्ममनुपश्यताम् ।
तदिदं निधनं प्राप्तं को नु स्वन्ततरो मया ॥४८॥

48. yadiṣṭaṁ kṣatrabandhūnāṁ svadharmamanupaśyatām ,
tadidaṁ nidhanaṁ prāptaṁ ko nu svantataro mayā.

48. yat iṣṭam kṣatrabandhūnām svadharmam anupaśyatām
tat idam nidhanam prāptam kaḥ nu svantataraḥ mayā

48. idam nidhanam prāptam yat kṣatrabandhūnām svadharmam
anupaśyatām iṣṭam kaḥ nu mayā svantataraḥ

48. This desired death, which is sought by those of warrior descent (kṣatrabandhū) who follow their own natural law (svadharma), I have now obtained. Who, then, is happier than I?

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which (death) (which, that)

• इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - desired (death) (desired, wished, sacred)

• क्षत्रबन्धूनाम् (kṣatrabandhūnām) - of those of warrior descent (of kshatriya-kinsmen, of fallen kshatriyas)

• स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - one's own natural law (dharma), duty, constitution

• अनुपश्यताम् (anupaśyatām) - following (their duty) (of those observing, following, looking after)

• तत् (tat) - that (refers back to 'desired death') (that, therefore)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death (death, destruction, end)

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, reached, attained

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• नु (nu) - then (interrogative particle) (indeed, surely, now, then)

• स्वन्ततरः (svantataraḥ) - happier, more blissful

• मया (mayā) - than me (used with comparative) (by me, than me)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which (death) (which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'nidhanam'.

इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - desired (death) (desired, wished, sacred)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished, sought, sacrificed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yaj' (to sacrifice, worship) or 'iṣ' (to wish, desire). Here, likely from 'iṣ'.

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'nidhanam'.

क्षत्रबन्धूनाम् (kṣatrabandhūnām) - of those of warrior descent (of kshatriya-kinsmen, of fallen kshatriyas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kṣatrabandhu

kṣatrabandhu - kinsman of a kṣatriya, pseudo-kshatriya, one belonging to the kṣatriya class

Tatpurusha compound of 'kṣatra' and 'bandhu'.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+bandhu)

• kṣatra – rule, dominion, kṣatriya (warrior class)
  noun (neuter)
• bandhu – kinsman, relative, friend
  noun (masculine)

स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - one's own natural law (dharma), duty, constitution

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svadharma

svadharma - one's own natural law (dharma), duty, inherent nature

Compound 'sva' (own) + 'dharma' (duty, natural law).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun
• dharma – constitution, natural law, duty, righteousness (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'anupaśyatām'.

अनुपश्यताम् (anupaśyatām) - following (their duty) (of those observing, following, looking after)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of anupaśyat

anupaśyat - observing, following, seeing

Present Active Participle

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with prefix 'anu'.

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that (refers back to 'desired death') (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative to 'yat'.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Agrees with 'nidhanam'.

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death (death, destruction, end)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, end, loss

Root: dhā (class 3)

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, reached, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, attained, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From root 'āp' (to obtain) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'nidhanam'.

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

नु (nu) - then (interrogative particle) (indeed, surely, now, then)

(indeclinable)

स्वन्ततरः (svantataraḥ) - happier, more blissful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svantatara

svantatara - happier, more blissful, more content

Comparative adjective formed with suffix 'tara' from 'svanta' (happy, well-ended).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+anta+tara)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• anta – end, limit, conclusion
  noun (masculine)
• tara – more, exceedingly
  suffix
  Comparative suffix.

मया (mayā) - than me (used with comparative) (by me, than me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Used in comparison to mean 'than me'.