महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-60, verse-52

अवादयन्त गन्धर्वा जगुश्चाप्सरसां गणाः ।
सिद्धाश्च मुमुचुर्वाचः साधु साध्विति भारत ॥५२॥

52. avādayanta gandharvā jaguścāpsarasāṁ gaṇāḥ ,
siddhāśca mumucurvācaḥ sādhu sādhviti bhārata.

52. avādayanta gandharvāḥ jaguḥ ca apsarasām gaṇāḥ
siddhāḥ ca mumucuḥ vācaḥ sādhu sādhu iti bhārata

52. gandharvāḥ avādayanta ca apsarasām gaṇāḥ jaguḥ ca
bhārata siddhāḥ ca sādhu sādhu iti vācaḥ mumucuḥ

52. And the Gandharvas played music, and hosts of Apsarases sang. And the Siddhas, O Bhārata, uttered words of praise, saying, 'Excellent! Excellent!'

Words meanings summery:

• अवादयन्त (avādayanta) - played (music) (they played (musical instruments))

• गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - the Gandharvas (Gandharvas (celestial musicians))

• जगुः (jaguḥ) - sang (they sang)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अप्सरसाम् (apsarasām) - of the Apsarases (of Apsarases)

• गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - hosts (groups, hosts, multitudes)

• सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - the Siddhas (accomplished ones, perfected beings, Siddhas (a class of demigods))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मुमुचुः (mumucuḥ) - uttered (they released, uttered)

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words (words, speeches)

• साधु (sādhu) - Excellent! (excellent, good, well done)

• साधु (sādhu) - Excellent! (excellent, good, well done)

• इति (iti) - saying (thus, so saying, indicating direct speech)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressed to Dhritarashtra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

अवादयन्त (avādayanta) - played (music) (they played (musical instruments))

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vad

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice (causative stem 'vāday'). With augment 'a-'.

Imperfect tense (laṅ), 3rd person plural, active voice of the causative stem 'vādaya-' from root 'vad'. Meaning "caused to sound" or "played (an instrument)".

Root: vad (class 1)

गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - the Gandharvas (Gandharvas (celestial musicians))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - a class of celestial beings, skilled musicians and singers

Note: Subject of 'avādayanta'.

जगुः (jaguḥ) - sang (they sang)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of gai

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice.

Perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person plural, active voice of root 'gai' (which becomes 'gā').

Root: gai (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अप्सरसाम् (apsarasām) - of the Apsarases (of Apsarases)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of apsaras

apsaras - a class of celestial nymphs, female spirits of the clouds and waters, dancers

Note: Qualifies 'gaṇāḥ'.

गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - hosts (groups, hosts, multitudes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaṇa

gaṇa - group, host, multitude, troop

सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - the Siddhas (accomplished ones, perfected beings, Siddhas (a class of demigods))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of siddha

siddha - accomplished, perfected, successful; a class of semi-divine beings

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sidh' (to accomplish) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: sidh (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'mumucuḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

मुमुचुः (mumucuḥ) - uttered (they released, uttered)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of muc

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice.

Perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person plural, active voice of root 'muc'.

Root: muc (class 6)

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words (words, speeches)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'mumucuḥ'.

साधु (sādhu) - Excellent! (excellent, good, well done)

(indeclinable)

Derived from root 'sādh' (to accomplish). Can be adjective or indeclinable. Here used as exclamation.

Root: sādh (class 5)

साधु (sādhu) - Excellent! (excellent, good, well done)

(indeclinable)

Derived from root 'sādh' (to accomplish). Can be adjective or indeclinable. Here used as exclamation.

Root: sādh (class 5)

इति (iti) - saying (thus, so saying, indicating direct speech)

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressed to Dhritarashtra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata; an epithet for Dhṛtarāṣṭra or other descendants of Bharata

From 'bharata' (name of an ancient king) with the patronymic suffix 'aṇ'.