महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-60, verse-47

दुर्योधन उवाच ।
अधीतं विधिवद्दत्तं भूः प्रशास्ता ससागरा ।
मूर्ध्नि स्थितममित्राणां को नु स्वन्ततरो मया ॥४७॥

47. duryodhana uvāca ,
adhītaṁ vidhivaddattaṁ bhūḥ praśāstā sasāgarā ,
mūrdhni sthitamamitrāṇāṁ ko nu svantataro mayā.

47. Duryodhana uvāca adhītam vidhivat dattam bhūḥ praśāstā
sasāgarā mūrdhni sthitam amitrāṇām kaḥ nu svantataraḥ mayā

47. Duryodhana uvāca mayā adhītam
vidhivat dattam ca sasāgarā bhūḥ
praśāstā ca amitrāṇām mūrdhni
sthitam ca kaḥ nu mayā svantataraḥ

47. Duryodhana said: "I have studied properly, given generously, and ruled the entire earth, including its oceans. I have stood victorious over my enemies. Who, then, is happier than I?"

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - Duryodhana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अधीतम् (adhītam) - (Vedas) studied (studied, learned)

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rules, properly, formally

• दत्तम् (dattam) - given (generously, referring to charity) (given, offered)

• भूः (bhūḥ) - the earth (as a kingdom) (earth, ground)

• प्रशास्ता (praśāstā) - ruled, governed

• ससागरा (sasāgarā) - with oceans, ocean-bound

• मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - over the heads (figuratively, of enemies) (on the head, at the top)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - stood (victorious), prevailed (stood, situated, placed)

• अमित्राणाम् (amitrāṇām) - of enemies

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• नु (nu) - then (interrogative particle) (indeed, surely, now, then)

• स्वन्ततरः (svantataraḥ) - happier, more blissful

• मया (mayā) - than me (used with comparative) (by me, than me)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Duryodhana

Duryodhana - Duryodhana, the eldest Kaurava prince

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Indicative

Third person singular, perfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada. From root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

अधीतम् (adhītam) - (Vedas) studied (studied, learned)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhīta

adhīta - studied, learned, read

Past Passive Participle

From root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'adhi'.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to the act of studying knowledge or sacred texts.

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rules, properly, formally

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form from 'vidhi'.

Note: Adverb modifying 'adhītam' and 'dattam'.

दत्तम् (dattam) - given (generously, referring to charity) (given, offered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, offered

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dā' (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the act of giving donations or gifts.

भूः (bhūḥ) - the earth (as a kingdom) (earth, ground)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land, world

प्रशास्ता (praśāstā) - ruled, governed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of praśāsta

praśāsta - ruled, governed, administered

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śās' (to rule) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'bhūḥ'.

ससागरा (sasāgarā) - with oceans, ocean-bound

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sasāgara

sasāgara - with oceans, accompanied by oceans

Bahuvrihi compound 'sa' (with) + 'sāgara' (ocean).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+sāgara)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'bhūḥ'.

मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - over the heads (figuratively, of enemies) (on the head, at the top)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top, summit

Note: Used metaphorically to imply dominance over enemies.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - stood (victorious), prevailed (stood, situated, placed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, existing

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana's position of dominance.

अमित्राणाम् (amitrāṇām) - of enemies

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe

Compound 'a' (not) + 'mitra' (friend).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

नु (nu) - then (interrogative particle) (indeed, surely, now, then)

(indeclinable)

स्वन्ततरः (svantataraḥ) - happier, more blissful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svantatara

svantatara - happier, more blissful, more content

Comparative adjective formed with suffix 'tara' from 'svanta' (happy, well-ended).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+anta+tara)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• anta – end, limit, conclusion
  noun (masculine)
• tara – more, exceedingly
  suffix
  Comparative suffix.

मया (mayā) - than me (used with comparative) (by me, than me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Used in comparison to mean 'than me'.