महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-60, verse-31

अश्वत्थाम्नः सनामानं हत्वा नागं सुदुर्मते ।
आचार्यो न्यासितः शस्त्रं किं तन्न विदितं मम ॥३१॥

31. aśvatthāmnaḥ sanāmānaṁ hatvā nāgaṁ sudurmate ,
ācāryo nyāsitaḥ śastraṁ kiṁ tanna viditaṁ mama.

31. aśvatthāmnaḥ sanāmānam hatvā nāgam sudurmate
ācāryaḥ nyāsitaḥ śastram kim tat na viditam mama

31. sudurmate aśvatthāmnaḥ sanāmānam nāgam hatvā
ācāryaḥ śastram nyāsitaḥ kim tat mama na viditam

31. O extremely evil-minded one! Is it not known to me how, by killing the elephant named Aśvatthāman, the preceptor (guru) was made to lay down his weapon?

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वत्थाम्नः (aśvatthāmnaḥ) - of Aśvatthāman (Drona's son, a prominent warrior) (of Aśvatthāman)

• सनामानम् (sanāmānam) - having the same name (as Aśvatthāman) (having the same name, namesake)

• हत्वा (hatvā) - by killing (having killed, by killing)

• नागम् (nāgam) - elephant (named Aśvatthāman) (snake, serpent, elephant)

• सुदुर्मते (sudurmate) - O extremely evil-minded one! (O evil-minded one, O fool)

• आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - the preceptor (guru) Drona (teacher, preceptor)

• न्यासितः (nyāsitaḥ) - caused to lay down (his weapon) (caused to lay down, made to deposit)

• शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon (weapon, instrument)

• किम् (kim) - what, how (interrogative particle) (what, why, whether)

• तत् (tat) - that (event) (that, it)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विदितम् (viditam) - known (known, understood)

• मम (mama) - to me (my, to me, by me)

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वत्थाम्नः (aśvatthāmnaḥ) - of Aśvatthāman (Drona's son, a prominent warrior) (of Aśvatthāman)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - name of Drona's son, also an elephant's name

सनामानम् (sanāmānam) - having the same name (as Aśvatthāman) (having the same name, namesake)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sanāman

sanāman - having the same name

compound of sa- and nāman

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+nāman)

• sa – with, together with, same
  indeclinable
  intensifying prefix
• nāman – name
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'nāgam'

हत्वा (hatvā) - by killing (having killed, by killing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

derived from root han (class 2) with -ktvā suffix

Root: han (class 2)

नागम् (nāgam) - elephant (named Aśvatthāman) (snake, serpent, elephant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, elephant

Note: Refers to the elephant killed by Bhīmasena

सुदुर्मते (sudurmate) - O extremely evil-minded one! (O evil-minded one, O fool)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sudurmati

sudurmati - very evil-minded, foolish

compound of su-, dur-, and mati

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+dur+mati)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  intensifying prefix
• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
  prefix meaning 'bad' or 'difficult'
• mati – mind, intelligence, thought
  noun (feminine)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Refers to the person being addressed

आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - the preceptor (guru) Drona (teacher, preceptor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor (guru)

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Refers to Dronācārya

न्यासितः (nyāsitaḥ) - caused to lay down (his weapon) (caused to lay down, made to deposit)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nyāsita

nyāsita - caused to lay down, deposited

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from causative of root as (to throw, to cast) with prefixes ni- and ā- and -kta suffix. Causative: nyāsayati. PPP: nyāsita.

Prefixes: ni+ā

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'ācāryaḥ'

शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon (weapon, instrument)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śastra

śastra - weapon, instrument

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what, how (interrogative particle) (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (event) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the entire incident

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

विदितम् (viditam) - known (known, understood)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vid (class 2) with -kta suffix

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'tat'

मम (mama) - to me (my, to me, by me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Used with 'viditam' in a passive construction: 'known by me' or 'to me'