महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-49, verse-31

चातुर्मास्यैर्बहुविधैर्यजन्ते ये तपोधनाः ।
तेषां स्थानं तथा यान्तं तथाग्निष्टोमयाजिनाम् ॥३१॥

31. cāturmāsyairbahuvidhairyajante ye tapodhanāḥ ,
teṣāṁ sthānaṁ tathā yāntaṁ tathāgniṣṭomayājinām.

31. cāturmāsyaiḥ bahuvidhaiḥ ye yajante tapodhanāḥ
teṣām sthānam tathā yāntam tathā agniṣṭomayājinām

31. (saḥ dhīmān) (dadṛśe) ye tapodhanāḥ
bahuvidhaiḥ cāturmāsyaiḥ
yajante (ca) teṣām sthānam
tathā agniṣṭomayājinām yāntam tathā

31. He (the wise Sañjaya) saw those ascetics (tapasvin) who perform various kinds of Cāturmāsya Vedic rituals (yajña), and their abode. He likewise saw those who perform Agniṣṭoma Vedic rituals (yajña) moving towards their abodes.

Words meanings summery:

• चातुर्मास्यैः (cāturmāsyaiḥ) - by means of Cāturmāsya Vedic rituals (by the Cāturmāsya rituals, relating to four months)

• बहुविधैः (bahuvidhaiḥ) - of various kinds (of many kinds, various, manifold)

• ये (ye) - who (plural) (who, which)

• यजन्ते (yajante) - they perform Vedic rituals (they perform Vedic rituals, they worship, they sacrifice)

• तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - ascetics (tapasvin) (those whose wealth is austerity, ascetics)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (referring to the ascetics) (of them, their)

• स्थानम् (sthānam) - abode, dwelling place (place, abode, state, position)

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly (thus, so, likewise, also)

• यान्तम् (yāntam) - going (towards their abodes) (going, moving, approaching (masculine singular accusative))

• तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, likewise, also)

• अग्निष्टोमयाजिनाम् (agniṣṭomayājinām) - of those who perform Agniṣṭoma Vedic rituals (yajña) (of those who perform the Agniṣṭoma ritual)

Words meanings and morphology

चातुर्मास्यैः (cāturmāsyaiḥ) - by means of Cāturmāsya Vedic rituals (by the Cāturmāsya rituals, relating to four months)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of cāturmāsya

cāturmāsya - a set of Vedic rituals performed every four months; relating to four months

Derived from caturmāsa (four months).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+māsa)

• catur – four
  numeral (masculine)
• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)

बहुविधैः (bahuvidhaiḥ) - of various kinds (of many kinds, various, manifold)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of bahuvidha

bahuvidha - of many kinds, various, manifold

Compound of bahu (many) and vidha (kind).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bahu+vidha)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective (masculine)
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'cāturmāsyaiḥ'.

ये (ye) - who (plural) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

यजन्ते (yajante) - they perform Vedic rituals (they perform Vedic rituals, they worship, they sacrifice)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of yaj

Present Middle Indicative

From root yaj (to perform Vedic rituals, worship), Ātmanepada, 3rd person plural, present tense.

Root: yaj (class 1)

तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - ascetics (tapasvin) (those whose wealth is austerity, ascetics)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth is austerity, ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – heat, asceticism, austerity, penance
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (referring to the ascetics) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative/personal pronoun)

स्थानम् (sthānam) - abode, dwelling place (place, abode, state, position)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, abode, station, position, state

From root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly (thus, so, likewise, also)

(indeclinable)

यान्तम् (yāntam) - going (towards their abodes) (going, moving, approaching (masculine singular accusative))

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yānt

yānt - going, moving, proceeding

Present Active Participle

From root yā (to go), Parasmaipada, present active participle.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Modifies the implicit object of 'seeing', which are the 'agniṣṭomayājinām' (people).

तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, likewise, also)

(indeclinable)

अग्निष्टोमयाजिनाम् (agniṣṭomayājinām) - of those who perform Agniṣṭoma Vedic rituals (yajña) (of those who perform the Agniṣṭoma ritual)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of agniṣṭomayājin

agniṣṭomayājin - one who performs the Agniṣṭoma ritual

Compound of Agniṣṭoma (a specific Vedic ritual) and yājin (performer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agniṣṭoma+yājin)

• agniṣṭoma – a particular elaborate Soma ritual, the praising of Agni
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of agni (fire) and stoma (praise, hymn).
• yājin – performer of a yajña/sacrifice, worshipper
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root yaj.
  Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Implicitly refers to the worlds or destination of these performers, or the performers themselves as objects of 'seeing'.