महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-49, verse-23

चिन्तयामास राजेन्द्र तदा स मुनिसत्तमः ।
मया दृष्टः समुद्रे च आश्रमे च कथं त्वयम् ॥२३॥

23. cintayāmāsa rājendra tadā sa munisattamaḥ ,
mayā dṛṣṭaḥ samudre ca āśrame ca kathaṁ tvayam.

23. cintayāmāsa rājendra tadā saḥ munisattamaḥ mayā
dṛṣṭaḥ samudre ca āśrame ca katham tu ayam

23. rājendra tadā saḥ munisattamaḥ cintayāmāsa mayā
ayam samudre ca āśrame ca katham tu dṛṣṭaḥ

23. O best of kings, the best of sages (Asita Devala) then pondered: "How was this one (Jaigīṣavya) seen by me both in the ocean and in the hermitage (āśrama)?"

Words meanings summery:

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - pondered (pondered, thought, considered)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O best of kings (O best of kings, O chief of kings)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Asita Devala) (he, that (masc. nom. sg.))

• मुनिसत्तमः (munisattamaḥ) - best of sages (Asita Devala) (best of sages, chief among ascetics)

• मया (mayā) - by me (Asita Devala) (by me)

• दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen (by me) (seen, beheld)

• समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• आश्रमे (āśrame) - in the hermitage (āśrama) (in the hermitage, at the hermitage (āśrama))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• तु (tu) - indeed (implies a question or emphasis) (but, yet, on the other hand, indeed)

• अयम् (ayam) - this one (Jaigīṣavya) (this (masc. nom. sg.))

Words meanings and morphology

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - pondered (pondered, thought, considered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of cint

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice, from the causative stem cintaya-

Root: cit (class 10)

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O best of kings (O best of kings, O chief of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, best of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, Indra (name of a deity)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to the listener/narratee.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

सः (saḥ) - he (Asita Devala) (he, that (masc. nom. sg.))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Asita Devala.

मुनिसत्तमः (munisattamaḥ) - best of sages (Asita Devala) (best of sages, chief among ascetics)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of munisattama

munisattama - best of sages, chief among ascetics

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (muni+sattama)

• muni – sage, ascetic, seer
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative suffix -tama
  Root: sat

Note: Refers to Asita Devala.

मया (mayā) - by me (Asita Devala) (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Agent in the passive construction "seen by me".

दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen (by me) (seen, beheld)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, perceived, observed

Past Passive Participle

derived from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

आश्रमे (āśrame) - in the hermitage (āśrama) (in the hermitage, at the hermitage (āśrama))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, monastic order, stage of life (āśrama)

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

तु (tu) - indeed (implies a question or emphasis) (but, yet, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle expressing contrast or emphasis.

अयम् (ayam) - this one (Jaigīṣavya) (this (masc. nom. sg.))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Jaigīṣavya.