महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-49, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तस्मिन्नेव तु धर्मात्मा वसति स्म तपोधनः ।
गार्हस्थ्यं धर्ममास्थाय असितो देवलः पुरा ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tasminneva tu dharmātmā vasati sma tapodhanaḥ ,
gārhasthyaṁ dharmamāsthāya asito devalaḥ purā.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tasmin eva tu dharmātmā vasati sma
tapodhanaḥ gārhasthyam dharmam āsthāya asitaḥ devalaḥ purā

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca asitaḥ devalaḥ dharmātmā tapodhanaḥ
purā tasmin eva tu gārhasthyam dharmam āsthāya vasati sma

1. Vaiśampāyana said: However, in that very context, the righteous-souled (dharmātman) Asita Devala, whose wealth was austerity (tapas), formerly resided, having adopted the householder's natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Sage Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, a disciple of Vyasa)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (context/place) (in that, in him, in it)

• एव (eva) - (emphasizing 'tasmin') (indeed, very, only)

• तु (tu) - however (but, however, on the other hand)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled (righteous-souled, virtuous, pious)

• वसति (vasati) - resided (dwells, resides)

• स्म (sma) - (transforms 'vasati' into 'used to dwell') (particle indicating past tense with present tense verb)

• तपोधनः (tapodhanaḥ) - whose wealth was austerity (one whose wealth is austerity)

• गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - householder's (pertaining to a householder, householder's (life))

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (way of life/duty) (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having adopted (having resorted to, having established oneself in)

• असितः (asitaḥ) - the sage Asita (not white, black; a proper name)

• देवलः (devalaḥ) - the sage Devala (a proper name)

• पुरा (purā) - formerly (formerly, anciently, in the past)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Sage Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, a disciple of Vyasa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a celebrated sage, a pupil of Vyasa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

Note: Subject of uvāca

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice (reduplicated)

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (context/place) (in that, in him, in it)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एव (eva) - (emphasizing 'tasmin') (indeed, very, only)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - however (but, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled (righteous-souled, virtuous, pious)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - one whose nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma); righteous-souled, virtuous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, individual soul, Supreme Soul (Brahman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an

Note: Epithet for Asita Devala

वसति (vasati) - resided (dwells, resides)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of vas

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vas (class 1)

स्म (sma) - (transforms 'vasati' into 'used to dwell') (particle indicating past tense with present tense verb)

(indeclinable)

Note: used with 'vasati' to denote past habitual action

तपोधनः (tapodhanaḥ) - whose wealth was austerity (one whose wealth is austerity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth (dhana) is austerity (tapas); rich in asceticism

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – heat, asceticism, penance, austerity
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Epithet for Asita Devala

गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - householder's (pertaining to a householder, householder's (life))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gārhasthya

gārhasthya - pertaining to a householder, householder's state or duty

derived from gṛhastha (householder)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (way of life/duty) (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of āsthāya

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having adopted (having resorted to, having established oneself in)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

from root 'sthā' with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: absolutive/gerund, implies a preceding action

असितः (asitaḥ) - the sage Asita (not white, black; a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asita

asita - not white, black; a proper name

Prefix: a

Root: si (class 5)

Note: Subject of vasati sma

देवलः (devalaḥ) - the sage Devala (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devala

devala - a proper name (often associated with Asita)

Note: Subject of vasati sma

पुरा (purā) - formerly (formerly, anciently, in the past)

(indeclinable)