महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-2, verse-59

को वा मुखमनीकानामासीत्कर्णे निपातिते ।
अर्जुनं वासुदेवं च को वा प्रत्युद्ययौ रथी ॥५९॥

59. ko vā mukhamanīkānāmāsītkarṇe nipātite ,
arjunaṁ vāsudevaṁ ca ko vā pratyudyayau rathī.

59. kaḥ vā mukham anīkānām āsīt karṇe nipātite
arjunam vāsudevam ca kaḥ vā pratyudyayau rathī

59. karṇe nipātite anīkānām mukham kaḥ vā āsīt ca
kaḥ vā rathī arjunam vāsudevam ca pratyudyayau

59. Who, indeed, became the leader of the armies when Karṇa was slain? And who was the charioteer (rathī) who went forth to confront Arjuna and Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)?

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who (who?)

• वा (vā) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (or, indeed, alternatively)

• मुखम् (mukham) - leader (face, mouth, chief, leader)

• अनीकानाम् (anīkānām) - of the armies (of armies, of troops)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - became (was, existed, became)

• कर्णे (karṇe) - when Karṇa (was slain) (in Karṇa, on Karṇa)

• निपातिते (nipātite) - when (he was) slain (having been struck down, having fallen, slain)

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna (Arjuna (a Pāṇḍava prince))

• वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

• च (ca) - and

• कः (kaḥ) - who (who?)

• वा (vā) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (or, indeed, alternatively)

• प्रत्युद्ययौ (pratyudyayau) - went forth to confront (advanced against, went to meet, confronted)

• रथी (rathī) - charioteer (rathī) (charioteer, warrior in a chariot)

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who (who?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वा (vā) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (or, indeed, alternatively)

(indeclinable)

मुखम् (mukham) - leader (face, mouth, chief, leader)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - mouth, face, chief, principal, beginning

अनीकानाम् (anīkānām) - of the armies (of armies, of troops)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, host, troop

आसीत् (āsīt) - became (was, existed, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

कर्णे (karṇe) - when Karṇa (was slain) (in Karṇa, on Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (a character in the Mahābhārata), ear

निपातिते (nipātite) - when (he was) slain (having been struck down, having fallen, slain)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - struck down, fallen, slain

Past Passive Participle

From the causative stem of root 'pat' (to fall), which is 'pātayati' (to cause to fall, strike down), then forming the P.P.P.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'karṇe'.

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna (Arjuna (a Pāṇḍava prince))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a Pāṇḍava prince), white, clear

वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Vāsudeva (a patronymic of Kṛṣṇa)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कः (kaḥ) - who (who?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वा (vā) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (or, indeed, alternatively)

(indeclinable)

प्रत्युद्ययौ (pratyudyayau) - went forth to confront (advanced against, went to meet, confronted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of i

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: i (class 2)

रथी (rathī) - charioteer (rathī) (charioteer, warrior in a chariot)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathin

rathin - charioteer, a warrior fighting from a chariot

From 'ratha' (chariot) + suffix '-in'.