महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-2, verse-46

कथं हि भीमसेनस्य श्रोष्येऽहं शब्दमुत्तमम् ।
एकेन समरे येन हतं पुत्रशतं मम ॥४६॥

46. kathaṁ hi bhīmasenasya śroṣye'haṁ śabdamuttamam ,
ekena samare yena hataṁ putraśataṁ mama.

46. katham hi bhīmasenasya śroṣye aham śabdam
uttamam ekena samare yena hatam putraśatam mama

46. katham hi aham bhīmasenasya uttamam śabdam
śroṣye yena ekena samare mama putraśatam hatam

46. How indeed shall I hear the triumphant roar of Bhīmasena, by whom alone in battle my hundred sons were slain?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - Expressing impossibility or despair, 'How can I possibly...?' (how, in what manner, why)

• हि (hi) - Emphatic, 'How indeed...' (indeed, surely, for, because)

• भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - of Bhīmasena

• श्रोष्ये (śroṣye) - Expressing future tense and first person. (I shall hear)

• अहम् (aham) - The speaker, Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (I, myself)

• शब्दम् (śabdam) - Here, referring to Bhīmasena's voice or roar of victory. (sound, voice, word, roar)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - Could imply 'loudest' or 'most formidable' in the context of a warrior's roar. (excellent, best, supreme, highest)

• एकेन (ekena) - Emphasizing that Bhīmasena alone killed Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons. (by one, by alone, by a single (person))

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war, on the battlefield

• येन (yena) - Refers to Bhīmasena. (by whom, by which)

• हतम् (hatam) - Refers to the hundred sons being killed. (killed, slain, destroyed)

• पुत्रशतम् (putraśatam) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's hundred sons, the Kauravas. (a hundred sons)

• मम (mama) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's. (my, of me)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - Expressing impossibility or despair, 'How can I possibly...?' (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - Emphatic, 'How indeed...' (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - of Bhīmasena

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name of the second Pāṇḍava brother)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīma+sena)

• bhīma – terrible, formidable, dreadful
  adjective (masculine)
  From root bhī- (to fear)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• sena – army, host, warrior
  noun (feminine)

श्रोष्ये (śroṣye) - Expressing future tense and first person. (I shall hear)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of śru

Future tense

1st person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: śru (class 5)

अहम् (aham) - The speaker, Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (I, myself)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

शब्दम् (śabdam) - Here, referring to Bhīmasena's voice or roar of victory. (sound, voice, word, roar)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, voice, word, noise, roar

Root: śabd (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śroṣye'.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - Could imply 'loudest' or 'most formidable' in the context of a warrior's roar. (excellent, best, supreme, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme, chief

Superlative form of 'ud' (up).

Note: Adjective modifying 'śabdam'.

एकेन (ekena) - Emphasizing that Bhīmasena alone killed Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons. (by one, by alone, by a single (person))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, a single, alone, unique

Note: Refers to Bhīmasena.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

Root: smṛ (class 1)

येन (yena) - Refers to Bhīmasena. (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Used for the agent of the passive verb 'hatam'.

हतम् (hatam) - Refers to the hundred sons being killed. (killed, slain, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han- (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with an implied verb 'was'.

पुत्रशतम् (putraśatam) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's hundred sons, the Kauravas. (a hundred sons)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of putraśata

putraśata - a hundred sons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+śata)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• śata – a hundred
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Acts as the subject of the passive construction.

मम (mama) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's. (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

1st person singular genitive of 'asmad'.