महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-2, verse-50

दुःखेन महता राजा संतप्तो भरतर्षभ ।
पुनर्गावल्गणिं सूतं पर्यपृच्छद्यथातथम् ॥५०॥

50. duḥkhena mahatā rājā saṁtapto bharatarṣabha ,
punargāvalgaṇiṁ sūtaṁ paryapṛcchadyathātatham.

50. duḥkhena mahatā rājā santaptaḥ bharatarṣabha
punaḥ gāvalgaṇim sūtam paryapṛcchat yathātatham

50. bharatarṣabha rājā mahatā duḥkhena santaptaḥ
punaḥ sūtam gāvalgaṇim yathātatham paryapṛcchat

50. O bull among the Bhāratas (bharatarṣabha), the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), scorched by immense grief, again asked the charioteer, Gavalgaṇa's son (Sanjaya), for the precise details.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with misery, by suffering

• महता (mahatā) - great, immense, mighty

• राजा (rājā) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king)

• सन्तप्तः (santaptaḥ) - afflicted, distressed, scorched, suffering greatly

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - An address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O best of the Bhāratas!, O bull among the Bhāratas!)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, moreover

• गावल्गणिम् (gāvalgaṇim) - Sanjaya, the charioteer (Gavalgaṇa's son)

• सूतम् (sūtam) - Sanjaya, the charioteer (charioteer, bard, envoy)

• पर्यपृच्छत् (paryapṛcchat) - he asked, he inquired

• यथातथम् (yathātatham) - precisely, exactly, accurately, truthfully

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with misery, by suffering

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery, suffering, unhappiness

महता (mahatā) - great, immense, mighty

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, immense, important

Note: Agrees with 'duḥkhena'.

राजा (rājā) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

सन्तप्तः (santaptaḥ) - afflicted, distressed, scorched, suffering greatly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of santapta

santapta - heated, inflamed, distressed, suffering

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √tap (to heat, burn) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - An address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O best of the Bhāratas!, O bull among the Bhāratas!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among the Bharatas, best of the Bharatas

Compound type : Tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a member of the Bharata clan
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – a bull (figuratively: best, chief, eminent)
  noun (masculine)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, moreover

(indeclinable)

गावल्गणिम् (gāvalgaṇim) - Sanjaya, the charioteer (Gavalgaṇa's son)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gāvalgaṇi

gāvalgaṇi - son of Gavalgaṇa (a name for Sanjaya)

Patronymic derived from Gavalgaṇa

सूतम् (sūtam) - Sanjaya, the charioteer (charioteer, bard, envoy)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, royal herald, one born of a Kṣatriya father and Brāhmaṇa mother

Note: In apposition to 'gāvalgaṇim'.

पर्यपृच्छत् (paryapṛcchat) - he asked, he inquired

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paryapṛcch

Prefix: pari

Root: prach (class 6)

यथातथम् (yathātatham) - precisely, exactly, accurately, truthfully

(indeclinable)