महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-2, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
विसृष्टास्वथ नारीषु धृतराष्ट्रोऽम्बिकासुतः ।
विललाप महाराज दुःखाद्दुःखतरं गतः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
visṛṣṭāsvatha nārīṣu dhṛtarāṣṭro'mbikāsutaḥ ,
vilalāpa mahārāja duḥkhādduḥkhataraṁ gataḥ.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca | visṛṣṭāsu atha nārīṣu dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ
ambikāsutaḥ vilalāpa mahārāja duḥkhāt duḥkhataram gataḥ

1. (iti vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca) atha nāriṣu visṛṣṭāsu,
ambikāsutaḥ dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ,
mahārāja,
duḥkhāt duḥkhataram gataḥ (san),
vilalāpa.

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, after the women had been dismissed, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Ambikā's son, wept greatly, having gone from sorrow to even greater sorrow, O great king.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana, the sage who narrates the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• विसृष्टासु (visṛṣṭāsu) - among the women who had been sent away (among those who were dismissed, among those who were sent away)

• अथ (atha) - then, afterwards (then, next, now)

• नारीषु (nārīṣu) - among the women (among women, in women)

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (a proper name))

• अम्बिकासुतः (ambikāsutaḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who was the son of Ambikā (son of Ambikā)

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented, wailed, wept aloud

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O King Janamejaya (address by Vaiśampāyana) (O great king, great ruler)

• दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - from sorrow (from sorrow, from misery)

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - to an even greater sorrowful state (more sorrowful, more miserable)

• गतः (gataḥ) - having reached (a state of) (having gone, reached, attained)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana, the sage who narrates the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa, who narrated the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

From root √vac (to speak), perfect tense, 3rd person singular. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

विसृष्टासु (visṛṣṭāsu) - among the women who had been sent away (among those who were dismissed, among those who were sent away)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, plural of visṛṣṭa

visṛṣṭa - dismissed, sent away, released, let loose

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'vi-' (prefix) + root 'sṛj' (to release) + 'kta' (PPP suffix).

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'nārīṣu'.

अथ (atha) - then, afterwards (then, next, now)

(indeclinable)

नारीषु (nārīṣu) - among the women (among women, in women)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of nārī

nārī - woman, wife, female

Root: nṛ

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - He who holds the kingdom, whose kingdom is held; name of the blind king of Hastinapura

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, supported
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √dhṛ (to hold, bear) + 'kta' (PPP suffix).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the verb 'vilalāpa'.

अम्बिकासुतः (ambikāsutaḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who was the son of Ambikā (son of Ambikā)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambikāsuta

ambikāsuta - son of Ambikā (mother of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ambikā+suta)

• ambikā – Ambikā (name of a queen, wife of Vicitravīrya and mother of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
  proper noun (feminine)
• suta – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ'.

विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented, wailed, wept aloud

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vilap

Perfect active

From 'vi-' (prefix) + root 'lap' (to speak, lament); perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O King Janamejaya (address by Vaiśampāyana) (O great king, great ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, sovereign

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct address by Vaiśampāyana to Janamejaya.

दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - from sorrow (from sorrow, from misery)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery, suffering, distress

Note: Indicates the starting point of his state.

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - to an even greater sorrowful state (more sorrowful, more miserable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more painful, more sorrowful, worse

Comparative degree of 'duḥkha' (sorrow).

Note: Functions adverbially with 'gataḥ', 'having gone to a more sorrowful state'.

गतः (gataḥ) - having reached (a state of) (having gone, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, reached, obtained, past

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √gam (to go) + 'kta' (PPP suffix).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ'.