महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-2, verse-11

सा कृपा सा च ते प्रीतिः सा च राजन्सुमानिता ।
कथं विनिहतः पार्थैः संयुगेष्वपराजितः ॥११॥

11. sā kṛpā sā ca te prītiḥ sā ca rājansumānitā ,
kathaṁ vinihataḥ pārthaiḥ saṁyugeṣvaparājitaḥ.

11. sā kṛpā sā ca te prītiḥ sā ca rājan sumānitā
katham vinihataḥ pārthaiḥ saṃyugeṣu aparājitaḥ

11. rājan,
sā kṛpā,
sā ca te prītiḥ,
sā ca sumānitā (āsīt); katham saṃyugeṣu aparājitaḥ tvam pārthaiḥ vinihataḥ (asi)?

11. O king, how can it be that you, who were unconquered (aparājita) in battles, and known for such compassion, such affection, and such high esteem, have been slain by the sons of Pṛthā (Pārtha)?

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - that, such (feminine)

• कृपा (kṛpā) - the compassion of the son (Duryodhana) (compassion, pity, mercy)

• सा (sā) - that, such (feminine)

• च (ca) - and

• ते (te) - of the son (Duryodhana) (your, of you)

• प्रीतिः (prītiḥ) - the affection of the son (Duryodhana) (love, affection, favor)

• सा (sā) - that, such (feminine)

• च (ca) - and

• राजन् (rājan) - O Duryodhana (O king)

• सुमानिता (sumānitā) - the high esteem held by/for the son (Duryodhana) (well-honored, highly respected)

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• विनिहतः (vinihataḥ) - Duryodhana, who was slain (slain, killed, destroyed)

• पार्थैः (pārthaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas (by the Pārthas, by the sons of Pṛthā)

• संयुगेषु (saṁyugeṣu) - in battles, in conflicts

• अपराजितः (aparājitaḥ) - Duryodhana, who was unconquered (unconquered, invincible, undefeated)

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - that, such (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'kṛpā', 'prītiḥ', 'sumānitā'.

कृपा (kṛpā) - the compassion of the son (Duryodhana) (compassion, pity, mercy)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛpā

kṛpā - compassion, pity, mercy, tenderness

Root: kṛp (class 1)

Note: Refers to the son's quality.

सा (sā) - that, such (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'kṛpā', 'prītiḥ', 'sumānitā'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - of the son (Duryodhana) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: Enclitic pronoun, referring to Duryodhana.

प्रीतिः (prītiḥ) - the affection of the son (Duryodhana) (love, affection, favor)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - love, affection, joy, satisfaction, favor

From root 'prī' (to love, to please)

Root: prī (class 4)

Note: Refers to the son's quality.

सा (sā) - that, such (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'kṛpā', 'prītiḥ', 'sumānitā'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O Duryodhana (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Refers to the son, Duryodhana.

सुमानिता (sumānitā) - the high esteem held by/for the son (Duryodhana) (well-honored, highly respected)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sumānita

sumānita - highly honored, greatly respected, esteemed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'mān' with prefix 'su'

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mānita)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• mānita – honored, respected, esteemed
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'man' (to think, to honor) in the causative
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with an implied feminine noun like 'dignity' or 'reputation' of the son.

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

विनिहतः (vinihataḥ) - Duryodhana, who was slain (slain, killed, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinihata

vinihata - slain, killed, destroyed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, to kill) with prefixes 'vi' and 'ni'

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implicit subject (Duryodhana).

पार्थैः (pārthaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas (by the Pārthas, by the sons of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name for the Pāṇḍavas, especially Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kṛṣṇa's aunt, mother of the Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

संयुगेषु (saṁyugeṣu) - in battles, in conflicts

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, war, conflict, encounter

Compound 'sam' (together) + 'yuga' (yoke, pair, age)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sam+yuga)

• sam – together, with, completely
  indeclinable
• yuga – yoke, pair, age, period
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

अपराजितः (aparājitaḥ) - Duryodhana, who was unconquered (unconquered, invincible, undefeated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aparājita

aparājita - unconquered, invincible, undefeated

Past Passive Participle

Negative compound 'a' + 'parājita' (defeated). From root 'ji' (to conquer) with prefix 'parā'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+parājita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• parājita – defeated, conquered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ji' (to conquer) with prefix 'parā'
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implicit subject (Duryodhana).