महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-2, verse-3

अहो बत महद्दुःखं यदहं पाण्डवान्रणे ।
क्षेमिणश्चाव्ययांश्चैव त्वत्तः सूत शृणोमि वै ॥३॥

3. aho bata mahadduḥkhaṁ yadahaṁ pāṇḍavānraṇe ,
kṣemiṇaścāvyayāṁścaiva tvattaḥ sūta śṛṇomi vai.

3. aho bata mahat duḥkham yat aham pāṇḍavān raṇe
kṣemiṇaḥ ca avyayān ca eva tvattaḥ sūta śṛṇomi vai

3. aho bata,
mahat duḥkham,
yat aham rane pāṇḍavān kṣemiṇaḥ ca avyayān ca eva,
tvattaḥ,
sūta,
vai śṛṇomi.

3. Alas, what great sorrow it is that I, O Sūta, hear from you that the Pāṇḍavas are safe and unharmed in battle!

Words meanings summery:

• अहो (aho) - Alas! (Oh!, Alas!)

• बत (bata) - alas! (alas!, ah!, indeed!)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, immense)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, pain, misery)

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction) (that, which, because)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (I)

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the sons of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍavas)

• रणे (raṇe) - in the battle (of Kurukṣetra) (in battle, in combat)

• क्षेमिणः (kṣemiṇaḥ) - safe, well (safe, well, prosperous)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अव्ययान् (avyayān) - unharmed, indestructible (imperishable, unharmed, unexpended)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, just, only)

• त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you (Saṃjaya) (from you)

• सूत (sūta) - O Saṃjaya, the charioteer (O charioteer, O herald)

• शृणोमि (śṛṇomi) - I hear (I hear, I listen)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, certainly)

Words meanings and morphology

अहो (aho) - Alas! (Oh!, Alas!)

(indeclinable)

Exclamatory particle.

बत (bata) - alas! (alas!, ah!, indeed!)

(indeclinable)

Exclamatory particle.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, immense)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable, important

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, pain, misery)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery, suffering, distress

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction) (that, which, because)

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative pronoun or conjunction.

Note: Conjunction.

अहम् (aham) - I (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I (first person singular pronoun)

First person singular nominative pronoun.

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the sons of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva)

Patronymic adjective from 'Pāṇḍu'.

रणे (raṇe) - in the battle (of Kurukṣetra) (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, fight

Root: raṇ (class 1)

क्षेमिणः (kṣemiṇaḥ) - safe, well (safe, well, prosperous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṣemin

kṣemin - safe, secure, well, prosperous, happy

Derived from 'kṣema' (welfare, safety) + 'in' (possessive suffix).

Note: Complement to 'pāṇḍavān'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अव्ययान् (avyayān) - unharmed, indestructible (imperishable, unharmed, unexpended)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of avyaya

avyaya - imperishable, undecaying, unchanging, indestructible; also an indeclinable word

Formed from 'a-' (negation) + 'vyaya' (expenditure, decay).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
  Negative prefix.
• vyaya – expenditure, decay, destruction, loss
  noun (masculine)

Note: Complement to 'pāṇḍavān'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Used with 'eva' for emphasis.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you (Saṃjaya) (from you)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (second person pronoun)

From 'tva' + 'tasi' (ablative suffix).

Note: Refers to Saṃjaya, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator.

सूत (sūta) - O Saṃjaya, the charioteer (O charioteer, O herald)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, herald, a caste

Root: sū

शृणोमि (śṛṇomi) - I hear (I hear, I listen)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śru

Present active

From root √śru (to hear); present tense, 1st person singular.

Root: śru (class 5)

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.