महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-15, verse-65

ततो मद्राधिपं द्रौणिरभ्यधावत्तथाकृतम् ।
आरोप्य चैनं स्वरथं त्वरमाणः प्रदुद्रुवे ॥६५॥

65. tato madrādhipaṁ drauṇirabhyadhāvattathākṛtam ,
āropya cainaṁ svarathaṁ tvaramāṇaḥ pradudruve.

65. tataḥ madrādhipam drauṇiḥ abhyadhāvat tathākṛtam
āropya ca enam svaratham tvaramāṇaḥ pradudruve

65. tataḥ drauṇiḥ tathākṛtam madrādhipam abhyadhāvat
ca enam svaratham āropya tvaramāṇaḥ pradudruve

65. Then Drauṇi, Dronacharya's son, rushed towards the king of Madra, who had been thus afflicted. Placing him upon his own chariot, he swiftly drove away.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter)

• मद्राधिपम् (madrādhipam) - the king of Madra (Śalya) (king of Madra)

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman) (son of Droṇa, Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman))

• अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - he rushed towards (he rushed towards, he ran to)

• तथाकृतम् (tathākṛtam) - who had been thus afflicted (thus done, so treated, thus afflicted)

• आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed upon (having placed upon, having caused to ascend)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एनम् (enam) - him (the king of Madra) (him, this one)

• स्वरथम् (svaratham) - his own chariot

• त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - swiftly, being quick (hastening, hurrying)

• प्रदुद्रुवे (pradudruve) - he drove away (he fled forth, he drove away)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

मद्राधिपम् (madrādhipam) - the king of Madra (Śalya) (king of Madra)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrādhipa

madrādhipa - king of Madra

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (madra+adhipa)

• madra – Madra (a country/region)
  proper noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of abhyadhāvat.

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman) (son of Droṇa, Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)

Patronymic from Droṇa.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - he rushed towards (he rushed towards, he ran to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dhāvat

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: From abhi-dhāv.

तथाकृतम् (tathākṛtam) - who had been thus afflicted (thus done, so treated, thus afflicted)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tathākṛta

tathākṛta - thus done, so made, thus treated

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'tathā' (thus) and 'kṛta' (done).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (tathā+kṛta)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, acted
  past passive participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with madrādhipam.

आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed upon (having placed upon, having caused to ascend)

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

Gerund of causative of root ruh (to ascend) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Gerund, meaning "having placed".

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two actions.

एनम् (enam) - him (the king of Madra) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, he, she, it

Note: Object of āropya.

स्वरथम् (svaratham) - his own chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svaratha

svaratha - own chariot

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sva+ratha)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun/adjective
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of āropya, specifying where 'him' was placed.

त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - swiftly, being quick (hastening, hurrying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hastening, hurrying, swift

Present Middle Participle

From root tvar (to hasten)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Drauṇiḥ, describing his state while fleeing.

प्रदुद्रुवे (pradudruve) - he drove away (he fled forth, he drove away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dru

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: From pra-dru.