महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-15, verse-10

व्यदृश्यत तदा शल्यो युधिष्ठिरसमीपतः ।
रणे चन्द्रमसोऽभ्याशे शनैश्चर इव ग्रहः ॥१०॥

10. vyadṛśyata tadā śalyo yudhiṣṭhirasamīpataḥ ,
raṇe candramaso'bhyāśe śanaiścara iva grahaḥ.

10. vyadṛśyata tadā śalyaḥ yudhiṣṭhirasamīpataḥ
raṇe candramasaḥ abhyāśe śanaiścaraḥ iva grahaḥ

10. tadā śalyaḥ yudhiṣṭhirasamīpataḥ vyadṛśyata
raṇe śanaiścaraḥ grahaḥ candramasaḥ abhyāśe iva

10. Then, Śalya was seen near Yudhishthira, appearing like the planet Saturn near the Moon in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यदृश्यत (vyadṛśyata) - was seen, appeared

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - King Śalya (Śalya)

• युधिष्ठिरसमीपतः (yudhiṣṭhirasamīpataḥ) - near Yudhishthira (from the vicinity of Yudhishthira, near Yudhishthira)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, on the battlefield)

• चन्द्रमसः (candramasaḥ) - of the Moon

• अभ्याशे (abhyāśe) - near (in the vicinity, near, approaching)

• शनैश्चरः (śanaiścaraḥ) - the planet Saturn (Saturn (the slow-moving planet))

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• ग्रहः (grahaḥ) - planet (planet, seizer, grasping)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यदृश्यत (vyadṛśyata) - was seen, appeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Past Imperfect Passive

From root dṛś, 3rd person singular, passive, with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - King Śalya (Śalya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (name of a king)

युधिष्ठिरसमीपतः (yudhiṣṭhirasamīpataḥ) - near Yudhishthira (from the vicinity of Yudhishthira, near Yudhishthira)

(indeclinable)

derived from yudhiṣṭhirasamīpa + suffix -tas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yudhiṣṭhira+samīpatas)

• yudhiṣṭhira – Yudhishthira
  proper noun (masculine)
• samīpatas – from the vicinity, near
  indeclinable
  suffix -tas indicating 'from/at the vicinity of'

Note: Derived from 'samīpa' (proximity) with the suffix '-tas' implying 'from/at the vicinity of'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)

चन्द्रमसः (candramasaḥ) - of the Moon

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of candramas

candramas - moon

अभ्याशे (abhyāśe) - near (in the vicinity, near, approaching)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of abhyāśa

abhyāśa - vicinity, proximity, approach

from prefix abhi + root aś (to reach)

Prefix: abhi

Root: aś (class 5)

शनैश्चरः (śanaiścaraḥ) - the planet Saturn (Saturn (the slow-moving planet))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śanaiścara

śanaiścara - Saturn (lit. 'slow-moving')

derived from śanaiḥ (slowly) + cara (mover)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (śanaiḥ+cara)

• śanaiḥ – slowly, gradually
  indeclinable
  adverbial form from śana
• cara – moving, going
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  from root car (to move)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Refers to the planet Saturn, known for its slow movement.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

a particle of comparison

ग्रहः (grahaḥ) - planet (planet, seizer, grasping)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of graha

graha - planet, celestial body, seizing, holding

from root grah (to seize)

Root: grah (class 9)