महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-15, verse-47

तत्राद्भुतमपश्याम कुन्तीपुत्रे युधिष्ठिरे ।
पुरा भूत्वा मृदुर्दान्तो यत्तदा दारुणोऽभवत् ॥४७॥

47. tatrādbhutamapaśyāma kuntīputre yudhiṣṭhire ,
purā bhūtvā mṛdurdānto yattadā dāruṇo'bhavat.

47. tatra adbhutam apaśyāma kuntīputre yudhiṣṭhire
purā bhūtvā mṛduḥ dāntaḥ yat tadā dāruṇaḥ abhavat

47. vayam kuntīputre yudhiṣṭhire adbhutam apaśyāma
yat purā mṛduḥ dāntaḥ bhūtvā tadā dāruṇaḥ abhavat

47. There, we saw a marvel in Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti: he, who was formerly gentle and self-controlled, had then become fierce.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in that situation, on the battlefield (there, in that place)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - a wondrous sight (wonder, marvel, amazing)

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we observed, witnessed (we saw)

• कुन्तीपुत्रे (kuntīputre) - in Yudhishthira, Kunti's son (in the son of Kunti)

• युधिष्ठिरे (yudhiṣṭhire) - in the person of Yudhishthira (in Yudhishthira)

• पुरा (purā) - prior to this event (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having previously been (having been, having become)

• मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle in nature (soft, gentle, mild)

• दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - disciplined, having mastered his senses (subdued, self-controlled, patient)

• यत् (yat) - that (explaining the wonder) (that, which, because)

• तदा (tadā) - at the time of the war (then, at that time)

• दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - fearsome, ruthless (in battle) (terrible, fierce, cruel)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he transformed into (he became, he was)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in that situation, on the battlefield (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - a wondrous sight (wonder, marvel, amazing)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonder, marvel, amazing, surprising

Note: Can also be nominative singular neuter, but accusative fits the verb apaśyāma.

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we observed, witnessed (we saw)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

root dṛś, takes form paś in present system

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'a-' indicates past tense.

कुन्तीपुत्रे (kuntīputre) - in Yudhishthira, Kunti's son (in the son of Kunti)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kunti

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kunti (proper name, mother of the Pandavas)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

युधिष्ठिरे (yudhiṣṭhire) - in the person of Yudhishthira (in Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, eldest Pandava)

lit. 'firm in battle'

Note: Epithet of the eldest Pandava.

पुरा (purā) - prior to this event (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

(indeclinable)

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having previously been (having been, having become)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

formed from root bhū + suffix -tvā

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle in nature (soft, gentle, mild)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, gentle, mild, tender

Note: Agrees with Yudhishthira.

दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - disciplined, having mastered his senses (subdued, self-controlled, patient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dānta

dānta - subdued, self-controlled, tamed, patient

Past Passive Participle

from root dam (to tame, control)

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Agrees with Yudhishthira.

यत् (yat) - that (explaining the wonder) (that, which, because)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what, that (relative pronoun), because (indeclinable)

Note: Can also be used as an indeclinable 'that' or 'because', which fits here.

तदा (tadā) - at the time of the war (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Contrasts with purā.

दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - fearsome, ruthless (in battle) (terrible, fierce, cruel)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, fierce, cruel, harsh

Note: Agrees with Yudhishthira.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he transformed into (he became, he was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.