महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-15, verse-13

पीड्यमानास्तु शल्येन पाण्डवा भृशविक्षताः ।
प्राद्रवन्त रणं हित्वा क्रोशमाने युधिष्ठिरे ॥१३॥

13. pīḍyamānāstu śalyena pāṇḍavā bhṛśavikṣatāḥ ,
prādravanta raṇaṁ hitvā krośamāne yudhiṣṭhire.

13. pīḍyamānāḥ tu śalyena pāṇḍavāḥ bhṛśa-vikṣatāḥ
prādravanta raṇam hitvā krośamāne yudhiṣṭhire

13. tu śalyena pīḍyamānāḥ bhṛśa-vikṣatāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ
yudhiṣṭhire krośamāne raṇam hitvā prādravanta

13. But the Pāṇḍavas, greatly wounded and being tormented by Śalya, fled the battle, abandoning the field while Yudhiṣṭhira cried out.

Words meanings summery:

• पीड्यमानाः (pīḍyamānāḥ) - being tormented, being oppressed, being afflicted

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• शल्येन (śalyena) - by Śalya, the king of Madra. (by Śalya)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, sons of Pāṇḍu

• भृश-विक्षताः (bhṛśa-vikṣatāḥ) - severely wounded, greatly injured

• प्राद्रवन्त (prādravanta) - they fled, they ran away

• रणम् (raṇam) - the battle, the conflict

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

• क्रोशमाने (krośamāne) - while crying out, while shouting, while lamenting

• युधिष्ठिरे (yudhiṣṭhire) - Yudhiṣṭhira

Words meanings and morphology

पीड्यमानाः (pīḍyamānāḥ) - being tormented, being oppressed, being afflicted

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pīḍyamāna

pīḍyamāna - being tormented, being oppressed

Present Passive Participle

Derived from the root pīḍ (to torment) with the suffix -yamāna.

Root: pīḍ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'Pāṇḍavas'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

शल्येन (śalyena) - by Śalya, the king of Madra. (by Śalya)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - dart, arrow; a proper name (King Śalya)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'pīḍyamānāḥ'.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, sons of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Subject of 'prādravanta'.

भृश-विक्षताः (bhṛśa-vikṣatāḥ) - severely wounded, greatly injured

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhṛśavikṣata

bhṛśavikṣata - greatly wounded

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bhṛśa+vikṣata)

• bhṛśa – much, very, exceedingly
  adjective (masculine)
• vikṣata – wounded, injured, torn
  past passive participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṣaṇ (to hurt, wound) with vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṣaṇ (class 8)

Note: Adjective modifying 'Pāṇḍavas'.

प्राद्रवन्त (prādravanta) - they fled, they ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prādravanta

Imperfect 3rd plural active of root dru (to run) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

रणम् (raṇam) - the battle, the conflict

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, conflict, war

Note: Object of 'hitvā'.

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from the root hā (to abandon, leave) with suffix -tvā.

Root: hā (class 3)

क्रोशमाने (krośamāne) - while crying out, while shouting, while lamenting

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of krośamāna

krośamāna - crying out, shouting

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root kruś (to cry, shout) with -māna suffix.

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'yudhiṣṭhire'.

युधिष्ठिरे (yudhiṣṭhire) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; a proper name, eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'krośamāne'.