महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-15, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
ततः सैन्यास्तव विभो मद्रराजपुरस्कृताः ।
पुनरभ्यद्रवन्पार्थान्वेगेन महता रणे ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tataḥ sainyāstava vibho madrarājapuraskṛtāḥ ,
punarabhyadravanpārthānvegena mahatā raṇe.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tataḥ sainyāḥ tava vibho madrarājapuraskṛtāḥ
punaḥ abhyadravan pārthān vegena mahatā raṇe

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca vibho tataḥ tava madrarājapuraskṛtāḥ
sainyāḥ raṇe mahatā vegena punaḥ pārthān abhyadravan

1. Sañjaya said: "Then, O lord, your armies, led by the king of Madras, rushed again towards the Pārthas in the battle with great speed."

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• सैन्याः (sainyāḥ) - armies, soldiers

• तव (tava) - your

• विभो (vibho) - O lord, O powerful one

• मद्रराजपुरस्कृताः (madrarājapuraskṛtāḥ) - led by the king of Madras

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore

• अभ्यद्रवन् (abhyadravan) - they rushed towards, they attacked

• पार्थान् (pārthān) - the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā/Kuntī), i.e., the Pāṇḍavas

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly

• महता (mahatā) - by a great (speed), great

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

From the root vac, perfect tense, third person singular active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

सैन्याः (sainyāḥ) - armies, soldiers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sainya

sainya - army, soldiers, military, warlike

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

विभो (vibho) - O lord, O powerful one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vibhu

vibhu - lord, master, powerful, all-pervading

मद्रराजपुरस्कृताः (madrarājapuraskṛtāḥ) - led by the king of Madras

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of madrarājapuraskṛta

madrarājapuraskṛta - led by the king of Madras, honored by the king of Madras

Past Passive Participle

Derived from puras-kṛ (to place in front, lead, honor) combined with madrarāja (king of Madras).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madrarāja+puraskṛta)

• madrarāja – king of Madras
  noun (masculine)
• puraskṛta – placed in front, honored, led, accompanied
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ with upasarga puras.
  Prefix: puras
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore

(indeclinable)

अभ्यद्रवन् (abhyadravan) - they rushed towards, they attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhidru

Imperfect Active

From the root dru (to run) with the upasarga abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

पार्थान् (pārthān) - the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā/Kuntī), i.e., the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name for the Pāṇḍavas, especially Arjuna

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, impulse, force

महता (mahatā) - by a great (speed), great

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat