महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-15, verse-63

अथास्य निजघानाश्वांश्चतुरो नतपर्वभिः ।
द्वाभ्यामथ शिताग्राभ्यामुभौ च पार्ष्णिसारथी ॥६३॥

63. athāsya nijaghānāśvāṁścaturo nataparvabhiḥ ,
dvābhyāmatha śitāgrābhyāmubhau ca pārṣṇisārathī.

63. atha asya nijaghāna aśvān caturaḥ nataparvabhiḥ
dvābhyām atha śitāgrābhyām ubhau ca pārṣṇisārathī

63. atha asya caturaḥ aśvān nataparvabhiḥ nijaghāna
atha ca dvābhyām śitāgrābhyām ubhau pārṣṇisārathī

63. He then struck down his four horses with arrows that had sharp nodes. And with two sharp-tipped arrows, he also struck down both the charioteers (pārṣṇisārathī) who were driving from the rear.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• अस्य (asya) - his (of this, his, to this)

• निजघान (nijaghāna) - he struck down (he struck down, he killed, he destroyed)

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• नतपर्वभिः (nataparvabhiḥ) - with arrows having sharp nodes (referring to arrows' construction for penetration) (with bent joints, with sharp nodes, with depressed sections)

• द्वाभ्याम् (dvābhyām) - with two (arrows) (with two)

• अथ (atha) - and, moreover (then, now, moreover)

• शिताग्राभ्याम् (śitāgrābhyām) - with two sharp-tipped (arrows) (with sharp tips)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (charioteers) (both)

• च (ca) - and, also

• पार्ष्णिसारथी (pārṣṇisārathī) - charioteers (of the enemy) at the rear (charioteers at the rear)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (of this, his, to this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: It is masculine genitive singular, referring to the enemy.

निजघान (nijaghāna) - he struck down (he struck down, he killed, he destroyed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of catur

catur - four

Note: Agrees with aśvān.

नतपर्वभिः (nataparvabhiḥ) - with arrows having sharp nodes (referring to arrows' construction for penetration) (with bent joints, with sharp nodes, with depressed sections)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nataparvan

nataparvan - having bent joints, having depressed nodes

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nata+parvan)

• nata – bent, bowed, depressed
  past passive participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root nam (to bend, bow)
  Root: nam (class 1)
• parvan – joint, knot, node, section
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies implied arrows.

द्वाभ्याम् (dvābhyām) - with two (arrows) (with two)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of dvi

dvi - two

Note: Agrees with śitāgrābhyām.

अथ (atha) - and, moreover (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

शिताग्राभ्याम् (śitāgrābhyām) - with two sharp-tipped (arrows) (with sharp tips)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of śitāgra

śitāgra - sharp-tipped

Compound type : bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa (śita+agra)

• śita – sharpened, keen
  past passive participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śo (to sharpen)
  Root: śo (class 4)
• agra – tip, point, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with dvābhyām and implies arrows.

उभौ (ubhau) - both (charioteers) (both)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Agrees with pārṣṇisārathī.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पार्ष्णिसारथी (pārṣṇisārathī) - charioteers (of the enemy) at the rear (charioteers at the rear)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of pārṣṇisārathi

pārṣṇisārathi - charioteer at the rear, driver from the back

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārṣṇi+sārathi)

• pārṣṇi – heel, rear, back part
  noun (feminine)
• sārathi – charioteer, driver
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to two charioteers.