महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-15, verse-53

तस्य तच्चरितं दृष्ट्वा संग्रामे भीमकर्मणः ।
वित्रेसुस्तावकाः सर्वे शल्यस्त्वेनं समभ्ययात् ॥५३॥

53. tasya taccaritaṁ dṛṣṭvā saṁgrāme bhīmakarmaṇaḥ ,
vitresustāvakāḥ sarve śalyastvenaṁ samabhyayāt.

53. tasya tat caritam dṛṣṭvā saṅgrāme bhīmakarmaṇaḥ
vitresuḥ tāvakāḥ sarve śalyaḥ tu enam sam-abhi-ayāt

53. saṅgrāme tasya bhīmakarmaṇaḥ tat caritam dṛṣṭvā
sarve tāvakāḥ vitresuḥ tu śalyaḥ enam sam-abhi-ayāt

53. Seeing that terrible deed of his in battle – (the deed) of the one who performed fearful acts – all your men became terrified, but Śalya himself advanced towards him.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• तत् (tat) - that, this

• चरितम् (caritam) - terrible deed (deed, act, conduct)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - after seeing (having seen)

• सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in war

• भीमकर्मणः (bhīmakarmaṇaḥ) - of the one whose deeds are terrible, of the one performing dreadful acts

• वित्रेसुः (vitresuḥ) - they trembled, they became terrified, they fled

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your (Duryodhana's) forces (your men, your people, your relatives)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (proper name)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• एनम् (enam) - him, this (person)

• सम्-अभि-अयात् (sam-abhi-ayāt) - he approached, he went towards

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the agent of `vyapothayat` from the previous verse.

तत् (tat) - that, this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

चरितम् (caritam) - terrible deed (deed, act, conduct)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of carita

carita - deed, conduct, act, behavior

Past Passive Participle

From root `car` (to move, to act). Often substantivized.

Root: car (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - after seeing (having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root `dṛś` (to see) with suffix `-tvā`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Absolutive.

सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, combat

Derived from `saṃ-gam` (to come together, for battle).

Root: gam (class 1)

भीमकर्मणः (bhīmakarmaṇaḥ) - of the one whose deeds are terrible, of the one performing dreadful acts

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīmakarman

bhīmakarman - one whose actions are terrible or dreadful; performing dreadful deeds

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhīma+karman)

• bhīma – terrible, dreadful, fearful
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `bhī` (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• karman – action, deed, work (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From root `kṛ` (to do) with suffix `-man`.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used as an adjective for `tasya`.

वित्रेसुः (vitresuḥ) - they trembled, they became terrified, they fled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of tras

Perfect, Active voice

From root `tras` (to tremble) with prefix `vi` (often intensifying). Perfect 3rd person plural.

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 1)

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your (Duryodhana's) forces (your men, your people, your relatives)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you, your people/relatives

Derived from `tava` (your) with suffix `-ka`.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (a proper name, the king of Madra); a dart, an arrow

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him, this (person)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it

Anaphoric pronoun, referring to a previously mentioned subject.

सम्-अभि-अयात् (sam-abhi-ayāt) - he approached, he went towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of i

Imperfect, Active voice

From root `i` (to go) with prefixes `sam` (together) and `abhi` (towards). Imperfect 3rd person singular.

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: i (class 2)