महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-15, verse-43

हतसूता हयास्तस्य रथमादाय भारत ।
व्यद्रवन्त दिशो राजन्हाहाकारस्तदाभवत् ॥४३॥

43. hatasūtā hayāstasya rathamādāya bhārata ,
vyadravanta diśo rājanhāhākārastadābhavat.

43. hatasūtāḥ hayāḥ tasya ratham ādāya bhārata
vyadravanta diśaḥ rājan hāhākāraḥ tadā abhavat

43. bhārata rājan tasya hatasūtāḥ hayāḥ ratham
ādāya diśaḥ vyadravanta tadā hāhākāraḥ abhavat

43. O Bhārata, O King, his horses, their charioteer having been slain, fled in all directions, carrying his chariot. Then, a great cry of lamentation arose.

Words meanings summery:

• हतसूताः (hatasūtāḥ) - whose charioteer is slain; having a slain charioteer

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• तस्य (tasya) - refers to the person whose charioteer was slain (Duryodhana or another Kuru warrior) (his, of him)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, seizing, carrying

• भारत (bhārata) - addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata)

• व्यद्रवन्त (vyadravanta) - they ran away, they fled

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

• राजन् (rājan) - addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

• हाहाकारः (hāhākāraḥ) - a cry of distress, lamentation, uproar

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it happened, it occurred, it was

Words meanings and morphology

हतसूताः (hatasūtāḥ) - whose charioteer is slain; having a slain charioteer

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hatasūta

hatasūta - one whose charioteer is slain

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+sūta)

• hata – slain, killed, struck down
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with suffix -ta.
  Root: han (class 2)
• sūta – charioteer, bard, carpenter
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root sū (to drive, impel) or su (to generate).
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: qualifies hayāḥ

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: subject of vyadravanta

तस्य (tasya) - refers to the person whose charioteer was slain (Duryodhana or another Kuru warrior) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: object of ādāya

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, seizing, carrying

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from root dā (to give, take) with upasarga ā, suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

भारत (bhārata) - addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata, India

व्यद्रवन्त (vyadravanta) - they ran away, they fled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of drav

Imperfect Tense

Root drav, with upasarga vi, 3rd person plural, middle voice.

Prefix: vi

Root: drav (class 1)

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate 'in all directions'.

राजन् (rājan) - addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

हाहाकारः (hāhākāraḥ) - a cry of distress, lamentation, uproar

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hāhākāra

hāhākāra - cry of distress, lamentation, uproar

Reduplicated onomatopoeic hāhā + kāra (making).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: subject of abhavat

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + -dā (temporal suffix).

अभवत् (abhavat) - it happened, it occurred, it was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Tense

Root bhū, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: bhū (class 1)