महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-15, verse-45

तस्मिन्विलुलिते सैन्ये त्रस्तास्तस्य पदानुगाः ।
गाण्डीवधन्वा विस्फार्य धनुस्तानहनच्छरैः ॥४५॥

45. tasminvilulite sainye trastāstasya padānugāḥ ,
gāṇḍīvadhanvā visphārya dhanustānahanaccharaiḥ.

45. tasmin vilulite sainye trastāḥ tasya padānugāḥ
gāṇḍīvadhanvā visphārya dhanuḥ tān ahanat śaraiḥ

45. tasmin vilulite sainye tasya padānugāḥ trastāḥ
gāṇḍīvadhanvā dhanuḥ visphārya tān śaraiḥ ahanat

45. As that army was scattered and routed, his (Duryodhana's) infantry became terrified. Arjuna, the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow, having drawn his bow, struck them with arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• विलुलिते (vilulite) - scattered, disordered, routed

• सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army

• त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - terrified, frightened

• तस्य (tasya) - referring to Duryodhana (implied context) (his, of him)

• पदानुगाः (padānugāḥ) - followers, infantry

• गाण्डीवधन्वा (gāṇḍīvadhanvā) - Arjuna (wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow)

• विस्फार्य (visphārya) - having stretched, having drawn (the bow)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• तान् (tān) - referring to tasya padānugāḥ (them)

• अहनत् (ahanat) - he struck, he killed

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with sainye.

विलुलिते (vilulite) - scattered, disordered, routed

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vilulita

vilulita - scattered, dispersed, routed, disheveled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root lul (to move, stir) with upasarga vi, suffix -ita.

Prefix: vi

Root: lul (class 10)

Note: Qualifies sainye.

सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, military force

Derived from senā (army).

Note: Locative absolute construction ('when the army was scattered').

त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - terrified, frightened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trasta

trasta - terrified, frightened, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tras (to tremble, be afraid) with suffix -ta.

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Qualifies padānugāḥ.

तस्य (tasya) - referring to Duryodhana (implied context) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पदानुगाः (padānugāḥ) - followers, infantry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padānuga

padānuga - follower, attendant, infantry

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pada+anuga)

• pada – foot, step, position, word
  noun (neuter)
• anuga – following, going after, follower
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root gam (to go) with upasarga anu.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'were'.

गाण्डीवधन्वा (gāṇḍīvadhanvā) - Arjuna (wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāṇḍīvadhanvan

gāṇḍīvadhanvan - having the Gāṇḍīva bow, an epithet of Arjuna

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gāṇḍīva+dhanvan)

• gāṇḍīva – Gāṇḍīva (Arjuna's divine bow)
  proper noun (neuter)
• dhanvan – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of ahanat.

विस्फार्य (visphārya) - having stretched, having drawn (the bow)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root sphur (to throb, quiver) or sphāy (to swell) with upasarga vi and causative form, then suffix -ya.

Prefix: vi

Root: sphur (class 6)

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

s-stem noun.

Root: dhan (class 1)

Note: Object of visphārya.

तान् (tān) - referring to tasya padānugāḥ (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अहनत् (ahanat) - he struck, he killed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of han

Imperfect Tense

Root han, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: han (class 2)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Instrument of action for ahanat.