महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-15, verse-14

वध्यमानेष्वनीकेषु मद्रराजेन पाण्डवः ।
अमर्षवशमापन्नो धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
ततः पौरुषमास्थाय मद्रराजमपीडयत् ॥१४॥

14. vadhyamāneṣvanīkeṣu madrarājena pāṇḍavaḥ ,
amarṣavaśamāpanno dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
tataḥ pauruṣamāsthāya madrarājamapīḍayat.

14. vadhyamāneṣu anīkeṣu madra-rājena
pāṇḍavaḥ amarṣa-vaśam āpannaḥ
dharma-rājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ tataḥ
pauruṣam āsthāya madra-rājam apīḍayat

14. madra-rājena anīkeṣu vadhyamāneṣu
pāṇḍavaḥ dharma-rājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
amarṣa-vaśam āpannaḥ tataḥ
pauruṣam āsthāya madra-rājam apīḍayat

14. While the armies were being slaughtered by the king of Madras, the Pāṇḍava king Yudhiṣṭhira (dharma-rāja) became filled with indignation. Then, taking recourse to his valor, he tormented the king of Madras.

Words meanings summery:

• वध्यमानेषु (vadhyamāneṣu) - while being slain, while being killed

• अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - in the armies

• मद्र-राजेन (madra-rājena) - by Śalya, the king of Madra. (by the king of Madra)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the Pāṇḍava (the Pāṇḍava, son of Pāṇḍu)

• अमर्ष-वशम् (amarṣa-vaśam) - to the power of indignation, under the sway of anger

• आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - having obtained, having reached, having fallen into

• धर्म-राजः (dharma-rājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, known as the king of dharma (natural law/righteousness) (king of righteousness, king of justice, a name for Yudhiṣṭhira)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - valor, manliness, heroism

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having adopted, having taken recourse to, having relied upon

• मद्र-राजम् (madra-rājam) - Śalya, the king of Madra. (the king of Madra)

• अपीडयत् (apīḍayat) - he tormented, he afflicted

Words meanings and morphology

वध्यमानेषु (vadhyamāneṣu) - while being slain, while being killed

(participle)

Locative, neuter, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being slain, being killed

Present Passive Participle

Derived from the root vadh (to slay, kill) with suffix -yamāna (passive).

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'anīkeṣu'.

अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - in the armies

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, host, array, face

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'vadhyamāneṣu'.

मद्र-राजेन (madra-rājena) - by Śalya, the king of Madra. (by the king of Madra)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of madra-rāja

madra-rāja - king of Madra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan)

• madra – the country of Madra
  proper noun (neuter)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'vadhyamāneṣu'.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the Pāṇḍava (the Pāṇḍava, son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अमर्ष-वशम् (amarṣa-vaśam) - to the power of indignation, under the sway of anger

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amarṣavaśa

amarṣavaśa - sway of indignation/anger

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (amarṣa+vaśa)

• amarṣa – indignation, impatience, intolerance, anger
  noun (masculine)
• vaśa – will, control, power, sway
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'āpannaḥ'.

आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - having obtained, having reached, having fallen into

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - obtained, reached, fallen into, undergone

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp (to obtain, reach) with upasarga ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Often functions as an adjective; here, describes the state of Yudhiṣṭhira.

धर्म-राजः (dharma-rājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, known as the king of dharma (natural law/righteousness) (king of righteousness, king of justice, a name for Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of (dharma), lord of justice; a title of Yudhiṣṭhira and Yama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ'.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; a proper name, eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'apīḍayat'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - valor, manliness, heroism

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pauruṣa

pauruṣa - manliness, valor, heroism, strength, human effort

Derived from puruṣa.

Note: Object of 'āsthāya'.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having adopted, having taken recourse to, having relied upon

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from the root sthā (to stand) with upasarga ā- and suffix -ya (labhya).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

मद्र-राजम् (madra-rājam) - Śalya, the king of Madra. (the king of Madra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madra-rāja

madra-rāja - king of Madra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan)

• madra – the country of Madra
  proper noun (neuter)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'apīḍayat'.

अपीडयत् (apīḍayat) - he tormented, he afflicted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of apīḍayat

Imperfect 3rd singular active (causative) of root pīḍ (to oppress, torment).

Root: pīḍ (class 1)

Note: Causative verb form.