महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-15, verse-46

युधिष्ठिरस्तु मद्रेशमभ्यधावदमर्षितः ।
स्वयं संचोदयन्नश्वान्दन्तवर्णान्मनोजवान् ॥४६॥

46. yudhiṣṭhirastu madreśamabhyadhāvadamarṣitaḥ ,
svayaṁ saṁcodayannaśvāndantavarṇānmanojavān.

46. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ tu madreśam abhyadhāvat amarṣitaḥ
svayam saṃcodayan aśvān dantavarṇān manojavān

46. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ tu amarṣitaḥ svayam dantavarṇān
manojavān aśvān saṃcodayan madreśam abhyadhāvat

46. But Yudhiṣṭhira, enraged, himself urging on his ivory-colored, mind-swift horses, rushed towards the king of Madras (Śalya).

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - the eldest Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• मद्रेशम् (madreśam) - to Śalya (to the king of Madras)

• अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - he ran towards, he rushed at

• अमर्षितः (amarṣitaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, being enraged (enraged, indignant, impatient)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - Yudhiṣṭhira himself (himself, by himself)

• संचोदयन् (saṁcodayan) - urging on, driving (while urging on)

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• दन्तवर्णान् (dantavarṇān) - ivory-colored, white

• मनोजवान् (manojavān) - swift as thought, mind-swift

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - the eldest Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (steadfast in battle)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Locative of yudh (feminine noun).
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of abhyadhāvat.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction indicating a contrast or continuation.

मद्रेशम् (madreśam) - to Śalya (to the king of Madras)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madreśa

madreśa - lord of Madra, king of Madra

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (madra+īśa)

• madra – Madra (name of a kingdom/people)
  proper noun (neuter)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root īś (to rule).
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Object of abhyadhāvat (destination).

अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - he ran towards, he rushed at

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dhāv

Imperfect Tense

Root dhāv, with upasargas abhi and ā, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: dhāv (class 1)

अमर्षितः (amarṣitaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, being enraged (enraged, indignant, impatient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amarṣita

amarṣita - enraged, indignant, impatient, angry

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mṛṣ (to bear, endure) with negative prefix a- and causative, then suffix -ta. Lit. 'not enduring'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+marṣita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• marṣita – endured, tolerated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root mṛṣ (to bear, endure) with suffix -ita.
  Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

स्वयम् (svayam) - Yudhiṣṭhira himself (himself, by himself)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic pronoun, refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

संचोदयन् (saṁcodayan) - urging on, driving (while urging on)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃcodayat

saṁcodayat - urging on, driving, impelling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root cud (to urge) with upasarga sam and causative form, suffix -at. Masculine nominative singular.

Prefix: sam

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Qualifies Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ, acting adverbially.

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Root: aś (class 5)

Note: Object of saṃcodayan.

दन्तवर्णान् (dantavarṇān) - ivory-colored, white

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dantavarṇa

dantavarṇa - of the color of ivory, white

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (danta+varṇa)

• danta – tooth, tusk (of an elephant)
  noun (masculine)
• varṇa – color, hue
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies aśvān.

मनोजवान् (manojavān) - swift as thought, mind-swift

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of manōjava

manōjava - swift as thought, quick as mind

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manas+java)

• manas – mind, thought
  noun (neuter)
  s-stem neuter noun. Sandhi o-vowel.
• java – speed, swiftness, impetus
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root jū (to be swift).
  Root: jū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies aśvān.