महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-15, verse-64

ततोऽस्य दीप्यमानेन पीतेन निशितेन च ।
प्रमुखे वर्तमानस्य भल्लेनापाहरद्ध्वजम् ।
ततः प्रभग्नं तत्सैन्यं दौर्योधनमरिंदम ॥६४॥

64. tato'sya dīpyamānena pītena niśitena ca ,
pramukhe vartamānasya bhallenāpāharaddhvajam ,
tataḥ prabhagnaṁ tatsainyaṁ dauryodhanamariṁdama.

64. tataḥ asya dīpyamānena pītena niśitena
ca pramukhe vartamānasya bhallena
apāharat dhvajam tataḥ prabhagnam
tat sainyam dauryodhanam ariṃdama

64. tataḥ asya pramukhe vartamānasya
dhvajam dīpyamānena pītena niśitena ca
bhallena apāharat tataḥ ariṃdama
tat dauryodhanam sainyam prabhagnam

64. Then, with a shining, yellow, and sharp broad-headed arrow (bhalla), he struck down the banner of the one who was standing at the forefront. Thereupon, O subduer of enemies (arindama), that army belonging to Duryodhana was completely shattered.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thereafter, from that)

• अस्य (asya) - of him (the opponent) (of this, his)

• दीप्यमानेन (dīpyamānena) - with a shining (arrow) (by shining, by glowing)

• पीतेन (pītena) - by a yellow (arrow) (by yellow, by drunk)

• निशितेन (niśitena) - by a sharp (arrow) (by sharpened, by keen)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• प्रमुखे (pramukhe) - in the forefront (of the battle) (in the front, in the presence of)

• वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - of the one standing/being (at the forefront) (of the existing, of the being, of the present)

• भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a broad-headed arrow (with a bhalla (broad-headed arrow))

• अपाहरत् (apāharat) - he struck down/removed (the banner) (he removed, he carried away, he stole)

• ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner (banner, flag)

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon (then, thereafter, from that)

• प्रभग्नम् (prabhagnam) - completely shattered/routed (broken, shattered, routed)

• तत् (tat) - that

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army (army, host)

• दौर्योधनम् (dauryodhanam) - Duryodhana's (belonging to Duryodhana, Duryodhana's)

• अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - O subduer of enemies (vocative, referring to Dhritarashtra, addressed by Sanjaya) (O subduer of enemies, O foe-destroyer)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of him (the opponent) (of this, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the enemy whose banner is struck.

दीप्यमानेन (dīpyamānena) - with a shining (arrow) (by shining, by glowing)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dīpyamāna

dīpyamāna - shining, glowing, blazing

Present Middle Participle

From root dīp (to shine, blaze)

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Agrees with bhallena.

पीतेन (pītena) - by a yellow (arrow) (by yellow, by drunk)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pīta

pīta - yellow; drunk (past passive participle of pā 'to drink')

Note: Agrees with bhallena.

निशितेन (niśitena) - by a sharp (arrow) (by sharpened, by keen)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, pointed

Past Passive Participle

From root śo (to sharpen) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Agrees with bhallena.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the adjectives.

प्रमुखे (pramukhe) - in the forefront (of the battle) (in the front, in the presence of)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pramukha

pramukha - forefront, chief, prominent

Note: Refers to the location.

वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - of the one standing/being (at the forefront) (of the existing, of the being, of the present)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present

Present Middle Participle

From root vṛt (to be, exist, turn)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied enemy, whose banner is struck.

भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a broad-headed arrow (with a bhalla (broad-headed arrow))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhalla

bhalla - broad-headed arrow, spear, lance

Note: The instrument of action.

अपाहरत् (apāharat) - he struck down/removed (the banner) (he removed, he carried away, he stole)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of hṛ

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'apa' gives the sense of taking away or off.

ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner (banner, flag)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard

Note: The object of apāharat.

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks a new sequence of events.

प्रभग्नम् (prabhagnam) - completely shattered/routed (broken, shattered, routed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prabhagna

prabhagna - broken, shattered, routed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From root bhañj (to break) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with sainyam.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with sainyam.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army (army, host)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military force

Note: The subject of 'prabhagnam'.

दौर्योधनम् (dauryodhanam) - Duryodhana's (belonging to Duryodhana, Duryodhana's)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dauryodhana

dauryodhana - belonging to Duryodhana, related to Duryodhana

Derived from Duryodhana (proper noun) + aṇ (taddhita suffix for 'of'/'belonging to')

Note: Agrees with sainyam.

अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - O subduer of enemies (vocative, referring to Dhritarashtra, addressed by Sanjaya) (O subduer of enemies, O foe-destroyer)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arindama

arindama - subduer of enemies, foe-destroyer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – subduing, taming
  noun/verbal noun (masculine)
  From root dam (to subdue)
  Root: dam (class 4)

Note: A common epithet in epics.