महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-15, verse-49

यां यां प्रत्युद्ययौ सेनां तां तां ज्येष्ठः स पाण्डवः ।
शरैरपातयद्राजन्गिरीन्वज्रैरिवोत्तमैः ॥४९॥

49. yāṁ yāṁ pratyudyayau senāṁ tāṁ tāṁ jyeṣṭhaḥ sa pāṇḍavaḥ ,
śarairapātayadrājangirīnvajrairivottamaiḥ.

49. yām yām pratiudyayau senām tām tām jyeṣṭhaḥ saḥ pāṇḍavaḥ
śaraiḥ apātayat rājan girīn vajraiḥ iva uttamaiḥ

49. rājan saḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ yām yām senām pratiudyayau
tām tām śaraiḥ apātayat uttamaiḥ vajraiḥ girīn iva

49. O King, whichever army that eldest Pandava attacked, he struck it down with arrows, just as (Indra strikes down) mountains with excellent thunderbolts.

Words meanings summery:

• याम् (yām) - whichever (which, whatever)

• याम् (yām) - whichever (which, whatever)

• प्रतिउद्ययौ (pratiudyayau) - he confronted and assailed (he went against, he attacked)

• सेनाम् (senām) - enemy forces (army, host)

• ताम् (tām) - that very (army) (that, her)

• ताम् (tām) - that very (army) (that, her)

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (Pandava) (eldest, chief, best)

• सः (saḥ) - that (well-known) Pandava, i.e., Yudhishthira (he, that)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhishthira, as one of the Pandavas (son of Pandu, descendant of Pandu)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - using arrows as the weapon (with arrows)

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - he utterly destroyed or decimated (the army) (he made fall, he struck down, he felled)

• राजन् (rājan) - address to King Dhritarashtra (O king)

• गिरीन् (girīn) - (like) mountains (being shattered) (mountains)

• वज्रैः (vajraiḥ) - by powerful thunderbolts (like those of Indra) (with thunderbolts)

• इव (iva) - comparison (like, as if, as)

• उत्तमैः (uttamaiḥ) - powerful, formidable (excellent, best, supreme)

Words meanings and morphology

याम् (yām) - whichever (which, whatever)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Repetition yām yām emphasizes 'every single'.

याम् (yām) - whichever (which, whatever)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Repetition yām yām emphasizes 'every single'.

प्रतिउद्ययौ (pratiudyayau) - he confronted and assailed (he went against, he attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prati + ud + i

root 'i' with prefixes 'prati' and 'ud'

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Reduplication of the verb root 'i' after prefixes.

सेनाम् (senām) - enemy forces (army, host)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, troop

Note: Object of pratiudyayau.

ताम् (tām) - that very (army) (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Corresponds to yām. Repetition tām tām emphasizes 'every single one'.

ताम् (tām) - that very (army) (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Corresponds to yām. Repetition tām tām emphasizes 'every single one'.

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (Pandava) (eldest, chief, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, best, most excellent

superlative of 'vṛddha' (old)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

सः (saḥ) - that (well-known) Pandava, i.e., Yudhishthira (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhishthira, as one of the Pandavas (son of Pandu, descendant of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu

patronymic from Pandu

Note: Agrees with saḥ and jyeṣṭhaḥ.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - using arrows as the weapon (with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Note: Instrument of striking down.

अपातयत् (apātayat) - he utterly destroyed or decimated (the army) (he made fall, he struck down, he felled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

causative

causative form of root 'pat' (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'a-' and suffix '-at' indicate past imperfect.

राजन् (rājan) - address to King Dhritarashtra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Typical address in the Mahabharata.

गिरीन् (girīn) - (like) mountains (being shattered) (mountains)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of giri

giri - mountain, hill

Note: Object of implicit 'striking down' in the simile.

वज्रैः (vajraiḥ) - by powerful thunderbolts (like those of Indra) (with thunderbolts)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vajra

vajra - thunderbolt, diamond, weapon of Indra

Note: Instrument of striking down the mountains.

इव (iva) - comparison (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a simile.

उत्तमैः (uttamaiḥ) - powerful, formidable (excellent, best, supreme)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme

superlative of 'ud' (up)

Note: Agrees with vajraiḥ.