महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-15, verse-31

तान्प्रत्यगृह्णात्पुत्रस्ते मद्रराजश्च वीर्यवान् ।
महामेघानिव बहूञ्शैलावस्तोदयावुभौ ॥३१॥

31. tānpratyagṛhṇātputraste madrarājaśca vīryavān ,
mahāmeghāniva bahūñśailāvastodayāvubhau.

31. tān prati agṛhṇāt putraḥ te madrarājaḥ ca vīryavān
mahāmeghān iva bahūn śailau astodayau ubhau

31. te vīryavān putraḥ ca madrarājaḥ tān prati agṛhṇāt
ubhau śailau astodayau bahūn mahāmeghān iva

31. Your valiant son and the powerful king of Madra stood firm against them, just as the two mountains, Asta (setting) and Udaya (rising), withstand many great clouds.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (attacks/enemies) (them, those)

• प्रति (prati) - against (the attacks) (against, towards, in return)

• अगृह्णात् (agṛhṇāt) - withstood, repelled (in conjunction with 'prati') (received, took, seized)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

• ते (te) - your (son) (your, to you)

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - King Śalya of Madra (king of Madra)

• च (ca) - and

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valiant (valorous, powerful, heroic)

• महामेघान् (mahāmeghān) - great clouds

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• बहून् (bahūn) - many

• शैलौ (śailau) - the two mountains (Asta and Udaya) (two mountains)

• अस्तोदयौ (astodayau) - the Asta (setting) and Udaya (rising) mountains (setting and rising, western and eastern (mountains))

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (mountains) (both)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (attacks/enemies) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

प्रति (prati) - against (the attacks) (against, towards, in return)

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition/prefix in conjunction with 'agṛhṇāt'.

अगृह्णात् (agṛhṇāt) - withstood, repelled (in conjunction with 'prati') (received, took, seized)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of grah

root √grah (9th class, Parasmaipada)

Root: grah (class 9)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

ते (te) - your (son) (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form.

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - King Śalya of Madra (king of Madra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of Madra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rāja)

• madra – a country or its people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Śalya.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valiant (valorous, powerful, heroic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - valorous, powerful, heroic, mighty

derived from vīrya (valor) + -vat (possessive suffix)

Note: Qualifies putra and madrarāja.

महामेघान् (mahāmeghān) - great clouds

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāmegha

mahāmegha - great cloud

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+megha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of comparison.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

बहून् (bahūn) - many

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Qualifies mahāmeghān.

शैलौ (śailau) - the two mountains (Asta and Udaya) (two mountains)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śaila

śaila - mountain, rock

derived from śilā (rock)

Note: Subject of the comparison.

अस्तोदयौ (astodayau) - the Asta (setting) and Udaya (rising) mountains (setting and rising, western and eastern (mountains))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of astodaya

astodaya - setting and rising (referring to mountains where the sun sets and rises)

Compound type : dvandva (asta+udaya)

• asta – setting (of sun/moon), western mountain (mythological)
  noun (masculine)
• udaya – rising (of sun/moon), eastern mountain (mythological)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies śailau.

उभौ (ubhau) - both (mountains) (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Reinforces duality of śailau astodayau.