महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-68, verse-6

कृत्वा विमर्दं भृशमर्जुनेन कर्णं हतं केसरिणेव नागम् ।
दृष्ट्वा शयानं भुवि मद्रराजो भीतोऽपसर्पत्सरथः सुशीघ्रम् ॥६॥

6. kṛtvā vimardaṁ bhṛśamarjunena; karṇaṁ hataṁ kesariṇeva nāgam ,
dṛṣṭvā śayānaṁ bhuvi madrarājo; bhīto'pasarpatsarathaḥ suśīghram.

6. kṛtvā vimardam bhṛśam arjunena
karṇam hatam kesariṇā iva nāgam
dṛṣṭvā śayānam bhuvi madrarājaḥ
bhītaḥ apasarpat sarathaḥ suśīghram

6. arjunena bhṛśam vimardam kṛtvā,
kesariṇā nāgam iva hatam karṇam bhuvi śayānam dṛṣṭvā,
bhītaḥ madrarājaḥ sarathaḥ suśīghram apasarpat

6. Having engaged in a fierce battle with Arjuna, and seeing Karṇa slain and lying on the ground like an elephant by a lion, the king of Madras, terrified, fled very swiftly with his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having fought (a battle) (having done, having made, having performed)

• विमर्दम् (vimardam) - fierce battle (conflict, battle, destruction, crushing)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, fiercely, strongly, excessively

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (proper noun)

• हतम् (hatam) - killed, struck down, destroyed

• केसरिणा (kesariṇā) - by a lion

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• नागम् (nāgam) - an elephant

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying, sleeping, resting

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Śalya, the maternal uncle of the Pāṇḍavas, who was forced to fight on the Kaurava side and served as Karṇa's charioteer. (king of Madras)

• भीतः (bhītaḥ) - frightened, terrified, afraid

• अपसर्पत् (apasarpat) - he fled, went away, retreated

• सरथः (sarathaḥ) - with chariot, having a chariot

• सुशीघ्रम् (suśīghram) - very quickly, with great speed

Words meanings and morphology

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having fought (a battle) (having done, having made, having performed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Denotes a completed action preceding the main verb.

विमर्दम् (vimardam) - fierce battle (conflict, battle, destruction, crushing)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vimarda

vimarda - crushing, conflict, battle, destruction

Prefix: vi

Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, fiercely, strongly, excessively

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'kṛtvā'.

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (proper noun); white, silver

Note: Agent of the action.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (son of Kuntī and Sūrya)

हतम् (hatam) - killed, struck down, destroyed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

केसरिणा (kesariṇā) - by a lion

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kesarin

kesarin - lion

Note: Agent in the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

नागम् (nāgam) - an elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake; elephant

Note: Object in the simile.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Denotes a completed action preceding the main verb.

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying, sleeping, resting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying, sleeping, resting

Present Middle Participle

From root 'śī' (to lie, sleep)

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Karṇa.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Śalya, the maternal uncle of the Pāṇḍavas, who was forced to fight on the Kaurava side and served as Karṇa's charioteer. (king of Madras)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras; Śalya (proper noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan)

• madra – name of a country/people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Śalya, Karṇa's charioteer.

भीतः (bhītaḥ) - frightened, terrified, afraid

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, terrified, afraid

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhī' (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'madrarājaḥ'.

अपसर्पत् (apasarpat) - he fled, went away, retreated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sṛp

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, Imperfect Active, with prefix 'apa'

Prefix: apa

Root: sṛp (class 1)

सरथः (sarathaḥ) - with chariot, having a chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saratha

saratha - with a chariot, accompanied by a chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+ratha)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'madrarājaḥ'.

सुशीघ्रम् (suśīghram) - very quickly, with great speed

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (su+śīghram)

• su – good, well, very
  prefix
• śīghram – quickly, swiftly
  indeclinable

Note: Adverb modifying 'apasarpat'.