महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-68, verse-5

प्रविद्धवर्माभरणाम्बरायुधं धनंजयेनाभिहतं हतौजसम् ।
निशम्य कर्णं कुरवः प्रदुद्रुवुर्हतर्षभा गाव इवाकुलाकुलाः ॥५॥

5. praviddhavarmābharaṇāmbarāyudhaṁ; dhanaṁjayenābhihataṁ hataujasam ,
niśamya karṇaṁ kuravaḥ pradudruvu;rhatarṣabhā gāva ivākulākulāḥ.

5. praviddhavarmābharaṇāmbarāyudham
dhanaṃjayena abhihatam hataujasam
niśamya karṇam kuravaḥ pradudruvuḥ
hatarṣabhāḥ gāvaḥ iva ākulākulāḥ

5. dhanaṃjayena abhihatam hataujasam
praviddhavarmābharaṇāmbarāyudham
karṇam niśamya kuravaḥ hatarṣabhāḥ
gāvaḥ iva ākulākulāḥ pradudruvuḥ

5. Having witnessed Karṇa, whose armor, ornaments, garments, and weapons were scattered, who was struck down by Dhanañjaya, and whose vitality was destroyed, the Kurus fled, utterly bewildered, like cows whose chief bull has been slain.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रविद्धवर्माभरणाम्बरायुधम् (praviddhavarmābharaṇāmbarāyudham) - whose armor, ornaments, clothes, and weapons were scattered/lost

• धनंजयेन (dhanaṁjayena) - by Arjuna (Dhanañjaya)

• अभिहतम् (abhihatam) - struck, killed, assailed

• हतौजसम् (hataujasam) - whose strength/vigor is destroyed

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived, having seen

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (proper noun)

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - The Kaurava warriors. (the Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

• प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - they fled, ran away

• हतर्षभाः (hatarṣabhāḥ) - whose chief bull is killed, whose leader is killed

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• आकुलाकुलाः (ākulākulāḥ) - greatly distressed, very bewildered, utterly confused

Words meanings and morphology

प्रविद्धवर्माभरणाम्बरायुधम् (praviddhavarmābharaṇāmbarāyudham) - whose armor, ornaments, clothes, and weapons were scattered/lost

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praviddhavarmābharaṇāmbarāyudha

praviddhavarmābharaṇāmbarāyudha - whose armor, ornaments, clothes, and weapons were scattered

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (praviddha+varman+ābharaṇa+ambara+āyudha)

• praviddha – thrown away, scattered, lost
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vyadh' with prefix 'pra'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vyadh (class 4)
• varman – armor, shield
  noun (neuter)
• ābharaṇa – ornament, jewel
  noun (neuter)
• ambara – garment, clothing
  noun (neuter)
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

धनंजयेन (dhanaṁjayena) - by Arjuna (Dhanañjaya)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, Arjuna (proper noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+ṃjaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• ṃjaya – conquering, victorious
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'ji'
  From root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Dhanañjaya is an epithet for Arjuna.

अभिहतम् (abhihatam) - struck, killed, assailed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, hit, killed, assailed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefix 'abhi'

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

हतौजसम् (hataujasam) - whose strength/vigor is destroyed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hataujas

hataujas - whose energy/vigor is destroyed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+ojas)

• hata – destroyed, killed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• ojas – vigor, strength, vitality
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived, having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'śam' (to be quiet, perceive) with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

Note: It indicates the action preceding 'pradudruvuḥ'.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (son of Kuntī and Sūrya)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - The Kaurava warriors. (the Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kuru lineage

Note: Refers to Duryodhana's army.

प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - they fled, ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of dru

Perfect Active

3rd person plural, Perfect Active, with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

हतर्षभाः (hatarṣabhāḥ) - whose chief bull is killed, whose leader is killed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of hatarṣabha

hatarṣabha - whose chief bull is killed, leaderless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+ṛṣabha)

• hata – killed, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'gāvaḥ'. Karṇa was the 'bull' of the Kaurava army.

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, bull, earth, ray

Note: Used as a simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

आकुलाकुलाः (ākulākulāḥ) - greatly distressed, very bewildered, utterly confused

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ākulākula

ākulākula - greatly disturbed, very confused, utterly distressed (reduplicated for emphasis)

Reduplication of 'ākula' for emphasis

Note: Qualifies 'gāvaḥ' and 'kuravaḥ'.